Charles Susan Turk, Mather Mara, Carstensen Laura L
Department of Psychology, University of California, Irvine 92697-7085, USA.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2003 Jun;132(2):310-24. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.132.2.310.
Two studies examined age differences in recall and recognition memory for positive, negative, and neutral stimuli. In Study 1, younger, middle-aged, and older adults were shown images on a computer screen and, after a distraction task, were asked first to recall as many as they could and then to identify previously shown images from a set of old and new ones. The relative number of negative images compared with positive and neutral images recalled decreased with each successively older age group. Recognition memory showed a similar decrease with age in the relative memory advantage for negative pictures. In Study 2, the largest age differences in recall and recognition accuracy were also for the negative images. Findings are consistent with socioemotional selectivity theory, which posits greater investment in emotion regulation with age.
两项研究考察了对积极、消极和中性刺激的回忆和识别记忆中的年龄差异。在研究1中，向年轻、中年和老年成年人在电脑屏幕上展示图像，在进行一项干扰任务后，首先要求他们尽可能多地回忆，然后从一组新旧图像中识别出之前展示过的图像。与积极和中性图像相比，回忆出的消极图像的相对数量随着年龄组的增长而减少。识别记忆也显示出随着年龄增长，消极图片的相对记忆优势出现类似的下降。在研究2中，回忆和识别准确性方面最大的年龄差异也出现在消极图像上。这些发现与社会情感选择性理论一致，该理论认为随着年龄增长，在情绪调节方面的投入会增加。
