Mammarella Nicola, Di Domenico Alberto, Palumbo Rocco, Fairfield Beth
Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University of Chieti.
Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School.
Psychol Aging. 2016 Dec;31(8):914-926. doi: 10.1037/pag0000122. Epub 2016 Sep 15.
Numerous studies have reported age-related differences in memory for emotional information. One explanation places emphasis on an emotion processing preference in older adults that reflects their socioemotional self-relevant goals. Here, we evaluate the degree to which this preference in memory may be modulated by color. In 2 experiments, younger and older adults were asked to study a series of affective words (Experiment 1) or affective pictures (Experiment 2) and then presented with an immediate yes/no memory recognition task. In particular, words and pictures were colored according to the following valence-color associations: positive-green, negative-red, and neutral-blue. Each study condition included both congruent (e.g., positive-green) and incongruent associations (e.g., positive-red). For both experiments, participants showed an advantage for congruent associations compared with other types of valence-color pairings that emphasized a robust joint effect of color and affective valence in memory. More specifically, older adults' memory was sensitive to positive-green stimuli only. We discussed results in line with mechanisms underlying positivity effects in memory and the effect of color on emotional memory encoding. (PsycINFO Database Record
众多研究报告了在对情绪信息的记忆方面与年龄相关的差异。一种解释强调老年人的情绪加工偏好，这反映了他们与社会情绪自我相关的目标。在此，我们评估记忆中的这种偏好可能在多大程度上受到颜色的调节。在两项实验中，要求年轻和年长的成年人学习一系列情感词汇（实验1）或情感图片（实验2），然后进行即时的是/否记忆识别任务。具体而言，词汇和图片根据以下效价 - 颜色关联进行着色：积极 - 绿色、消极 - 红色和中性 - 蓝色。每个研究条件都包括一致的（例如，积极 - 绿色）和不一致的关联（例如，积极 - 红色）。对于这两项实验，与其他强调颜色和情感效价在记忆中产生强大联合效应的效价 - 颜色配对类型相比，参与者在一致关联方面表现出优势。更具体地说，年长成年人的记忆仅对积极 - 绿色刺激敏感。我们根据记忆中积极效应的潜在机制以及颜色对情绪记忆编码的影响来讨论结果。（PsycINFO数据库记录
