Park Samuel S, Loebenberg Mark L, Rokito Andrew S, Zuckerman Joseph D
NYU-Hospital for Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, New York 10003, USA.
Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 2002;61(1-2):80-8.
The extreme range of motion at the shoulder, the high angular velocities and torques, and the repetitious nature of the pitching motion combine to make the shoulder vulnerable to injury during the baseball pitch. An understanding of the biomechanics that contribute to shoulder injuries during each phase of the pitching motion can facilitate the athlete's diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. The athlete's symptoms and signs, as well as radiographic imaging, are key elements in arriving at a diagnosis of shoulder injuries. Nonoperative treatment consisting of an initial period of rest and NSAIDS, followed by physical therapy and a gradual return to activity, is usually successful. When this approach fails, surgical intervention, either arthroscopic or open, may be necessary. Physical therapy and rehabilitation are directed toward restoring the integrity and strength of the dynamic and static stabilizers of the shoulder joint, yet preserving the range of motion necessary for performance. Through rehabilitation, the dedicated athlete can often return to the pitching mound at his previous level of performance.
肩部的运动范围极大、角速度和扭矩很高，以及投球动作的重复性，这些因素共同作用，使得在棒球投球过程中肩部容易受伤。了解在投球动作的每个阶段导致肩部受伤的生物力学原理，有助于对运动员进行诊断、治疗和康复。运动员的症状和体征以及影像学检查，是诊断肩部损伤的关键要素。非手术治疗通常包括初期休息和使用非甾体抗炎药，随后进行物理治疗并逐渐恢复活动，这种方法通常是成功的。当这种方法失败时，可能需要进行关节镜或开放手术干预。物理治疗和康复旨在恢复肩关节动态和静态稳定器的完整性和力量，同时保留运动表现所需的活动范围。通过康复训练，有决心的运动员通常能够恢复到之前的投球水平。
