Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18711, USA.
PM R. 2012 Jul;4(7):509-16. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.04.005.
Since 1996, when the first article on pitch restriction recommendations was published, the number of research articles involving skeletally immature pitchers has increased. Potential shoulder injuries in this age group are proximal humeral epiphysiolysis, glenohumeral instability, rotator cuff dysfunction, and superior labrum anteroposterior lesions. Fatigue, improper biomechanics, and overuse are the most common reasons for these injuries. In the hopes of preventing injury to young pitchers, numerous organizations, including the USA Baseball Medical & Safety Advisory Committee, The American Sports Medicine Institute, Little League Baseball & Softball, and the Long Term Athlete Development Program for Baseball Canada, have developed recommendations on pitching restrictions that include limits on pitch count, pitches per week, pitches per season, and rest between pitching. Awareness by sports medicine providers, coaches, and parents/guardians of the most up-to-date recommendations on injury prevention and return to play guidelines should reduce the incidence of acute and chronic injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers.
自 1996 年首次发表有关投球限制建议的文章以来，涉及骨骼未成熟投手的研究文章数量有所增加。该年龄组的潜在肩部损伤包括肱骨近端骨骺分离、盂肱关节不稳定、肩袖功能障碍和上盂唇前后损伤。疲劳、不正确的生物力学和过度使用是这些损伤的最常见原因。为了防止年轻投手受伤，包括美国棒球医学和安全咨询委员会、美国运动医学研究所、小联盟棒球和垒球以及加拿大棒球长期运动员发展计划在内的许多组织制定了投球限制建议，包括投球次数、每周投球次数、每个赛季投球次数和投球之间的休息时间。运动医学提供者、教练和家长/监护人对最新的预防受伤和重返比赛指南的认识，应该会降低青少年棒球投手急性和慢性受伤的发生率。
