Mager Donna L, Ximenez-Fyvie Laurie Ann, Haffajee Anne D, Socransky Sigmund S
Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Jul;30(7):644-54. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00376.x.
BACKGROUND/AIM: To examine the proportions of 40 bacterial species in samples from 8 oral soft tissue surfaces and saliva in systemically healthy adult subjects and to compare these microbiotas with those of supra- and subgingival plaque.
Microbial samples were taken from 8 oral soft tissue surfaces of 225 systemically healthy subjects using a "buccal brush". Saliva was taken by expectoration. Forty-four of these subjects provided additional supra- and subgingival plaque samples. Samples were individually evaluated for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. The percentage of total DNA probe count was determined for each species, at each sample location and averaged across subjects. The significance of differences among the proportions of the 40 test species at different sample locations was sought in the 225 and 44 subjects separately using the Quade test and adjusted for multiple comparisons. Cluster analysis was performed using the proportions of the 40 species at the different sample locations using the minimum similarity coefficient and an average unweighted linkage sort. The proportions of each species were averaged across subjects in the resulting cluster groups and the significance of differences was tested using the t-test and ANOVA.
Microbial profiles differed markedly among sample locations in the 225 subjects, with 34 of 40 species differing significantly. Proportions of Veillonella parvula and Prevotella melaninogenica were higher in saliva and on the lateral and dorsal surfaces of the tongue, while Streptococcus mitis and S. oralis were in significantly lower proportions in saliva and on the tongue dorsum. Cluster analysis resulted in the formation of 2 clusters with >85% similarity. Cluster 1 comprised saliva, lateral and dorsal tongue surfaces, while Cluster 2 comprised the remaining soft tissue locations. V. parvula, P. melaninogenica, Eikenella corrodens, Neisseria mucosa, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Fusobacterium periodonticum, F. nucleatum ss vincentii and Porphyromonas gingivalis were in significantly higher proportions in Cluster 1 and S. mitis, S. oralis and S. noxia were significantly higher in Cluster 2. These findings were confirmed using data from the 44 subjects providing plaque samples. The microbial profiles of supra- and subgingival plaque differed from the other sample locations, particularly in the increased proportions of the Actinomyces species. Species of different genera exhibited different proportions on the various intraoral surfaces, but even within the genus Streptococcus, there were differences in colonization patterns. S. oralis, S. mitis and S. constellatus colonized the soft tissues and saliva in higher proportions than the samples from the teeth, while the other 4 streptococcal species examined colonized the dental surfaces in proportions comparable to the soft tissue locations and saliva.
Proportions of bacterial species differed markedly on different intraoral surfaces. The microbiota of saliva was most similar to that of the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue. The microbiotas of the soft tissues resembled each other more than the microbiotas that colonized the teeth both above and below the gingival margin.
背景/目的：检测全身健康成年受试者8个口腔软组织表面及唾液样本中40种细菌的比例，并将这些微生物群与龈上和龈下菌斑的微生物群进行比较。
使用“颊刷”从225名全身健康受试者的8个口腔软组织表面采集微生物样本。通过咳痰采集唾液。其中44名受试者还提供了龈上和龈下菌斑样本。使用棋盘式DNA-DNA杂交技术分别评估样本中40种细菌的含量。确定每个样本位置每种细菌的总DNA探针计数百分比，并计算受试者的平均值。分别在225名和44名受试者中使用Quade检验寻找不同样本位置40种受试细菌比例差异的显著性，并对多重比较进行校正。使用最小相似系数和平均无加权连锁排序法，根据不同样本位置40种细菌的比例进行聚类分析。计算聚类组中受试者每种细菌比例的平均值，并使用t检验和方差分析检验差异的显著性。
225名受试者不同样本位置的微生物谱有显著差异，40种细菌中有34种差异显著。小韦荣球菌和产黑色素普雷沃菌在唾液、舌外侧和舌背表面的比例较高，而缓症链球菌和口腔链球菌在唾液和舌背表面的比例显著较低。聚类分析形成了2个相似度>85%的聚类。聚类1包括唾液、舌外侧和舌背表面，而聚类2包括其余软组织位置。聚类1中小韦荣球菌、产黑色素普雷沃菌、腐蚀艾肯菌、黏膜奈瑟菌、溶齿放线菌、牙周梭杆菌、具核梭杆菌文森亚种和牙龈卟啉单胞菌的比例显著较高，聚类2中缓症链球菌、口腔链球菌和无害链球菌的比例显著较高。提供菌斑样本的44名受试者的数据证实了这些发现。龈上和龈下菌斑的微生物谱与其他样本位置不同，尤其是放线菌属细菌的比例增加。不同属的细菌在口腔内不同表面的比例不同，但即使在链球菌属内，定植模式也存在差异。口腔链球菌、缓症链球菌和星座链球菌在软组织和唾液中的定植比例高于牙齿样本，而检测的其他4种链球菌在牙面的定植比例与软组织位置和唾液相当。
口腔内不同表面细菌种类的比例有显著差异。唾液的微生物群与舌背和舌外侧表面的微生物群最相似。软组织的微生物群彼此之间的相似性高于龈缘上方和下方牙齿上定植的微生物群。
