Phalen R N, Que Hee Shane S
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 650 Charles Young Jr. Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
J Hazard Mater. 2003 Jun 27;100(1-3):95-107. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3894(03)00087-6.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the permeation of an aqueous emulsion of the pesticide, captan, as a wettable powder (48.9% captan) through a disposable nitrile glove material using an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)-type I-PTC-600 permeation cell. The goal was to investigate the protective capability of the gloves against dermatitis. The analytical method was based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The least quantifiable limit (LQL) was 6 ng for GC-ECD and 30 ng for GC-MS. Testing was conducted using the ASTM F739 closed-loop permeation method and a worst-case aqueous concentration 217 mg/ml of captan 50-WP. The average permeation rates were low, with 12+/-5 ng/(cm(2)min) after 2h, 50+/-25 ng/(cm(2)min) after 4h, and 77+/-58 ng/(cm(2)min) after 8h. The calculated diffusion coefficient was (1.28+/-0.10) x 10(-5)cm(2)/h. No significant swelling or shrinkage occurred at P</=0.05. Infrared (IR) reflectance analysis of pre- and post-exposure glove surfaces confirmed no outer or inner surface degradation. The disposable nitrile glove showed excellent resistance to a highly concentrated aqueous emulsion of captan. Because the ASTM normalized breakthrough detection time of 250 ng/cm(2) was <2h, these gloves should not be reused once worn, and decontamination is not advised. Protection is also advised for agricultural reentry field workers, because captan has been shown to persist on crops with a half-life greater than the current reentry intervals of 1-4 days.
本研究的目的是使用美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）I型PTC - 600渗透池，研究作为可湿性粉剂（48.9%克菌丹）的农药克菌丹水乳液透过一次性腈手套材料的情况。目标是研究手套对皮炎的防护能力。分析方法基于气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）和气相色谱 - 电子捕获检测（GC - ECD）。GC - ECD的最低可定量限（LQL）为6 ng，GC - MS为30 ng。测试采用ASTM F739闭环渗透法，以及克菌丹50 - WP的最坏情况水浓度217 mg/ml。平均渗透速率较低，2小时后为12±5 ng/(cm²·min)，4小时后为50±25 ng/(cm²·min)，8小时后为77±58 ng/(cm²·min)。计算得到的扩散系数为(1.28±0.10)×10⁻⁵ cm²/h。在P≤0.05时未发生明显的肿胀或收缩。暴露前后手套表面的红外（IR）反射分析证实内外表面均未降解。一次性腈手套对高浓度克菌丹水乳液表现出优异的抗性。由于ASTM标准化的突破检测时间250 ng/cm²<2小时，这些手套一旦佩戴就不应重复使用，也不建议进行去污处理。还建议对农业再进入田间的工人提供防护，因为已表明克菌丹在作物上的残留半衰期大于目前1 - 4天的再进入间隔时间。
