Zainal Hanaa, Que Hee Shane S
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Jr Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
J Hazard Mater. 2006 Sep 1;137(1):165-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.080. Epub 2006 Mar 28.
The goal of the study was to assess how protective disposable (Safeskin) and chemical protective (Sol-Vex) nitrile gloves were against Comite emulsifiable concentrate formulation containing propargite (PROP) as active pesticidal ingredient, because there were no explicit recommendations for the gloves that should be worn for hand protection. The glove material was exposed in ASTM-type I-PTC-600 permeation cells at 30.0+/-0.5 degrees C, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry used for PROP analysis. Aqueous solutions of Comite at 40.4 mg/mL permeated both Safeskin and Sol-Vex nitrile by 8h. Safeskin showed a mean PROP mass permeated of 176+/-27 microg after 8h compared with a mean mass permeated for Sol-Vex of 3.17+/-4.08 microg. Thus, Sol-Vex was about 56 times more protective than Safeskin for an 8-h exposure. However, the kinetics of the permeation revealed that Safeskin can be worn for at least 200 min before disposal. When undiluted Comite challenged both types of nitrile, much faster permeation was observed. Safeskin gloves showed two steady state periods. The first had lag times (t(l)) values of about 1h, although normalized breakthrough times (t(b)) were < 10 min. The second steady state rate (P(s)) was on average four times the rate of the first period, and the second steady state period t(l) was about three times as long as that of the first steady state period, and about the same t(l) as for the aqueous solution. Sol-Vex gloves exposed continuously to undiluted Comite permeated above the normalized breakthrough threshold beyond 2.7h. A risk assessment revealed that the PROP skin permeation rate of 7.1 ng cm(-2)h(-1) was much slower than the first steady state Safeskin glove P(s) of 62,000 ng cm(-2)h(-1). Infrared analysis showed that the glove surfaces were not degraded by the Comite challenge. The chemically protective Sol-Vex gloves protected adequately against undiluted formulation for about 2.7h, whereas they provided protection for nearly 8h when the formulation was diluted with water to the highest concentration for field application. In contrast, the disposable Safeskin gloves did not protect at all for the undiluted formulation, but did for 200 min when the formulation was diluted with water to the highest concentration for spraying.
本研究的目的是评估一次性（Safeskin）和化学防护（Sol-Vex）丁腈手套对含有炔螨特（PROP）作为活性杀虫成分的Comite乳油制剂的防护效果，因为对于手部防护应佩戴何种手套尚无明确建议。将手套材料置于ASTM I型PTC - 600渗透池中，在30.0±0.5℃下进行暴露，并用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪进行PROP分析。40.4 mg/mL的Comite水溶液在8小时内渗透了Safeskin和Sol-Vex丁腈手套。8小时后，Safeskin手套的PROP平均渗透量为176±27μg，而Sol-Vex手套的平均渗透量为3.17±4.08μg。因此，在8小时的暴露中，Sol-Vex的防护效果比Safeskin高约56倍。然而，渗透动力学表明，Safeskin手套在丢弃前至少可佩戴200分钟。当用未稀释的Comite对两种丁腈手套进行测试时，观察到渗透速度快得多。Safeskin手套呈现出两个稳态期。第一个稳态期的滞后时间（t(l)）约为1小时，尽管归一化穿透时间（t(b)）<10分钟。第二个稳态期的速率（P(s)）平均是第一个稳态期速率的四倍，第二个稳态期的t(l)约为第一个稳态期的三倍，且与水溶液的t(l)大致相同。连续暴露于未稀释Comite的Sol-Vex手套在2.7小时后渗透超过归一化穿透阈值。风险评估显示，PROP的皮肤渗透速率为7.1 ng cm⁻² h⁻¹，远低于Safeskin手套第一个稳态期的P(s)值62,000 ng cm⁻² h⁻¹。红外分析表明，手套表面未因Comite的测试而降解。化学防护的Sol-Vex手套对未稀释制剂有足够的防护作用约2.7小时，而当制剂用水稀释至田间应用的最高浓度时，其防护时间接近8小时。相比之下，一次性Safeskin手套对未稀释制剂完全没有防护作用，但当制剂用水稀释至喷雾的最高浓度时，可提供200分钟的防护。
