Giami Alain
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 569, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
Annu Rev Sex Res. 2002;13:1-35.
The concept of sexual health, which was developed at a 1975 conference of the World Health Organization (WHO), is currently being used to set up nationally based public health programs in various countries. I outline the history of sexuality as a public health issue since the 19th century, analyze the history of the concept of sexual health since its emergence in 1975, and make a comparative analysis of the contemporary documents dealing with sexual health generated in the U.S. and England, and by organizations such as the WHO and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The analysis of these documents gives evidence that there is no international consensus on the concept of sexual health and its implementation in public health policies. The conceptions of sexual health remain embedded in national and political contexts. Conceptions for sexual health appear to be the result of political compromises and take place in the public health culture and practice of each country. Depending on the context, these different initiatives focus either on individual responsibility or on an appropriate sexual health services organization, and sexual health may be conceived as an ideal state of well-being or as the reduction of negative consequences of sexual activity.
性健康的概念是在1975年世界卫生组织（WHO）的一次会议上提出的，目前正被各国用于建立基于国家层面的公共卫生项目。我概述了自19世纪以来性作为一个公共卫生问题的历史，分析了性健康概念自1975年出现以来的历史，并对美国、英国以及WHO和泛美卫生组织（PAHO）等组织生成的有关性健康的当代文献进行了比较分析。对这些文献的分析表明，在性健康概念及其在公共卫生政策中的实施方面，尚未达成国际共识。性健康的概念仍受国家和政治背景的影响。性健康的概念似乎是政治妥协的结果，并且在每个国家的公共卫生文化和实践中形成。根据具体情况，这些不同的举措要么侧重于个人责任，要么侧重于适当的性健康服务组织，性健康可能被视为一种理想的幸福状态，或者是减少性活动负面影响的状态。
