Gross G, Pfister H
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rostock, Augustenstrasse 80-84, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
Med Microbiol Immunol. 2004 Feb;193(1):35-44. doi: 10.1007/s00430-003-0181-2. Epub 2003 Jun 28.
Using PCR, the overall prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in penile carcinoma is about 40-45%, which is similar to the detection rate of HPV-DNA in vulvar carcinoma (50%). In analogy to vulvar cancer two different pathways of penile carcinogenesis seem to exist. In contrast to basaloid and warty penile cancers which are regularly HPV-associated (about 80-100%), only a part of keratinizing and verrucous penile carcinomas appear to be related with HPV (33-35%). Penile intraepithelial neoplasias comprising Bowen's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat and bowenoid papulosis are precursor lesions of basaloid and warty carcinomas of the penis. Precursors of keratinizing carcinomas and verrucous carcinomas are not established. Whether lichen sclerosus and squamous-cell hyperplasia precede penile keratinizing carcinoma is a matter of discussion. Giant condylomata acuminata may precede the development of verrucous carcinomas in some cases. Since high risk HPVs are more frequently found in verrucous carcinomas than in giant condylomas, HPV typing may be a helpful diagnostic step to differentiate giant condyloma from verrucous carcinoma.
利用聚合酶链反应（PCR），阴茎癌中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）DNA的总体患病率约为40%-45%，这与外阴癌中HPV-DNA的检出率（50%）相似。与外阴癌类似，阴茎癌似乎存在两种不同的致癌途径。与通常与HPV相关的基底样和疣状阴茎癌（约80%-100%）不同，只有一部分角化性和疣状阴茎癌似乎与HPV有关（33%-35%）。包括鲍温病、凯腊增殖性红斑和鲍温样丘疹病在内的阴茎上皮内瘤变是阴茎基底样癌和疣状癌的前驱病变。角化性癌和疣状癌的前驱病变尚未明确。硬化性苔藓和鳞状细胞增生是否先于阴茎角化性癌仍存在争议。在某些情况下，巨大尖锐湿疣可能先于疣状癌的发生。由于疣状癌中高危HPV的检出频率高于巨大尖锐湿疣，HPV分型可能有助于鉴别巨大尖锐湿疣和疣状癌。
