Sah P, Faber E S L, Lopez De Armentia M, Power J
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Physiol Rev. 2003 Jul;83(3):803-34. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2003.
A converging body of literature over the last 50 years has implicated the amygdala in assigning emotional significance or value to sensory information. In particular, the amygdala has been shown to be an essential component of the circuitry underlying fear-related responses. Disorders in the processing of fear-related information are likely to be the underlying cause of some anxiety disorders in humans such as posttraumatic stress. The amygdaloid complex is a group of more than 10 nuclei that are located in the midtemporal lobe. These nuclei can be distinguished both on cytoarchitectonic and connectional grounds. Anatomical tract tracing studies have shown that these nuclei have extensive intranuclear and internuclear connections. The afferent and efferent connections of the amygdala have also been mapped in detail, showing that the amygdaloid complex has extensive connections with cortical and subcortical regions. Analysis of fear conditioning in rats has suggested that long-term synaptic plasticity of inputs to the amygdala underlies the acquisition and perhaps storage of the fear memory. In agreement with this proposal, synaptic plasticity has been demonstrated at synapses in the amygdala in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we examine the anatomical and physiological substrates proposed to underlie amygdala function.
在过去50年里，越来越多的文献表明杏仁核在赋予感觉信息情感意义或价值方面发挥着作用。特别是，杏仁核已被证明是与恐惧相关反应的神经回路的重要组成部分。恐惧相关信息处理过程中的紊乱很可能是人类某些焦虑症（如创伤后应激障碍）的潜在原因。杏仁复合体是位于颞中叶的一组10多个核团。这些核团在细胞结构和连接方面都可以区分。解剖学追踪研究表明，这些核团具有广泛的核内和核间连接。杏仁核的传入和传出连接也已被详细绘制，表明杏仁复合体与皮质和皮质下区域有广泛的连接。对大鼠恐惧条件反射的分析表明，杏仁核输入的长期突触可塑性是恐惧记忆获取和可能存储的基础。与这一观点一致，在体外和体内研究中均已在杏仁核的突触处证明了突触可塑性。在这篇综述中，我们研究了被认为是杏仁核功能基础的解剖学和生理学底物。
