O'Connor Thomas G, Marvin Robert S, Rutter Michael, Olrick Jeffrey T, Britner Preston A
Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
Dev Psychopathol. 2003 Winter;15(1):19-38. doi: 10.1017/s0954579403000026.
Child-parent attachment quality with an adoptive caregiver at age 4 years was examined in a sample of 111 children adopted into the United Kingdom following early severe deprivation in Romania and a comparison group of 52 nondeprived within-United Kingdom adoptees. Findings indicated that, compared with nondeprived adoptees, children who experienced early severe deprivation were less likely to be securely attached and more likely to show atypical patterns of attachment behavior; ordinary forms of insecure attachment were not associated with deprivation. Within the sample of deprived adoptees, there was a dose-response association between duration of deprivation and disturbances in attachment behavior. In addition, a minority of children who experienced severe early deprivation were classified as avoidant, secure, or dependent using conventional classification strategies, despite also exhibiting atypical patterns of attachment behaviors, and this was also more likely among children exposed to prolonged deprivation. The results raise both theoretical and methodological implications for attachment research on very deprived children.
在一个样本中，对111名在罗马尼亚经历早期严重剥夺后被收养到英国的儿童以及52名在英国国内收养的未经历剥夺的儿童对照组，考察了他们4岁时与收养照顾者的亲子依恋质量。研究结果表明，与未经历剥夺的被收养儿童相比，经历早期严重剥夺的儿童形成安全依恋的可能性较小，更有可能表现出非典型的依恋行为模式；普通形式的不安全依恋与剥夺无关。在经历剥夺的被收养儿童样本中，剥夺持续时间与依恋行为障碍之间存在剂量反应关联。此外，少数经历早期严重剥夺的儿童，尽管也表现出非典型的依恋行为模式，但使用传统分类策略被归类为回避型、安全型或依赖型，在经历长期剥夺的儿童中这种情况更有可能出现。这些结果对极受剥夺儿童的依恋研究提出了理论和方法上的启示。
