Rutter Michael, Kreppner Jana, Croft Carla, Murin Marianna, Colvert Emma, Beckett Celia, Castle Jenny, Sonuga-Barke Edmund
MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 Dec;48(12):1200-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01792.x.
Some young children reared in profoundly depriving institutions have been found to show autistic-like patterns, but the developmental significance of these features is unknown.
A randomly selected, age-stratified, sample of 144 children who had experienced an institutional upbringing in Romania and who were adopted by UK families was studied at 4, 6, and 11 years, and compared with a non-institutionalised sample of 52 domestic adoptees. Twenty-eight children, all from Romanian institutions, for whom the possibility of quasi-autism had been raised, were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) at the age of 12 years.
Sixteen children were found to have a quasi-autistic pattern; a rate of 9.2% in the Romanian institution-reared adoptees with an IQ of at least 50 as compared with 0% in the domestic adoptees. There were a further 12 children with some autistic-like features, but for whom the quasi-autism designation was not confirmed. The follow-up of the children showed that a quarter of the children lost their autistic-like features by 11. Disinhibited attachment and poor peer relationships were also present in over half of the children with quasi-autism.
The findings at age 11/12 years confirmed the reality and clinical significance of the quasi-autistic patterns seen in over 1 in 10 of the children who experienced profound institutional deprivation. Although there were important similarities with 'ordinary' autism, the dissimilarities suggest a different meaning.
一些在严重剥夺性机构中成长的幼儿被发现表现出类似自闭症的模式，但这些特征的发育意义尚不清楚。
随机抽取144名在罗马尼亚经历过机构养育且被英国家庭收养的儿童作为样本，按年龄分层，在他们4岁、6岁和11岁时进行研究，并与52名国内收养儿童的非机构化样本进行比较。对28名均来自罗马尼亚机构、曾被怀疑有准自闭症可能的儿童，在12岁时使用修订版自闭症诊断访谈量表（ADI-R）和自闭症诊断观察量表（ADOS）进行评估。
发现16名儿童有准自闭症模式；在智商至少为50的罗马尼亚机构养育收养儿童中，这一比例为9.2%，而国内收养儿童中这一比例为0%。另有12名儿童有一些类似自闭症的特征，但未被确诊为准自闭症。对这些儿童的随访显示，四分之一的儿童到11岁时失去了类似自闭症的特征。超过一半的准自闭症儿童还存在依恋障碍和同伴关系不良的问题。
11/12岁时的研究结果证实了在经历过严重机构剥夺的儿童中，超过十分之一的儿童出现准自闭症模式这一现象的真实性和临床意义。尽管与“普通”自闭症有重要的相似之处，但差异表明其有不同的含义。
