McAuley Edward, Jerome Gerald J, Elavsky Steriani, Marquez David X, Ramsey Suzanne N
Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Prev Med. 2003 Aug;37(2):110-8. doi: 10.1016/s0091-7435(03)00089-6.
Considerable research has established that self-efficacy is a consistent correlate of physical activity. Additional factors, such as exercise-induced affect, social support, and value judgments, have also been identified as having the potential to influence adherence to activity. This study examined the utility of such variables in predicting the long-term exercise behavior of older adults.
In the context of a 6-month randomized controlled trial with an 18-month follow-up, we tested the extent to which adherence during the trial, affective responses to exercise, exercise value, and social support from the exercise group had either a direct or indirect effect through the mediation of exercise self-efficacy on physical activity levels at 6- and 18-month follow-up in a sample (N=174) of older adults (M age, 66 years). Structural equation modeling tested several models of exercise prediction.
The best fitting model indicated significant paths from social support, affect, and exercise frequency to efficacy at the end of the program. Efficacy, in turn, was related to physical activity at 6- and 18-month follow-up. The model accounted for 40% of the variance in 18-month activity levels.
This prospective study provides support for the inclusion of social cognitive variables in models of exercise adherence and highlights the pivotal role of self-efficacy in long-term exercise behavior. Subsequent trials are called for to replicate and extend these findings.
大量研究已证实自我效能感是身体活动的一个持续相关因素。其他因素，如运动引发的情感、社会支持和价值判断，也被确定有可能影响对活动的坚持。本研究考察了这些变量在预测老年人长期运动行为方面的效用。
在一项为期6个月的随机对照试验及18个月随访的背景下，我们测试了试验期间的坚持程度、对运动的情感反应、运动价值以及运动组的社会支持，在一个老年样本（N = 174，平均年龄66岁）中，通过运动自我效能感的中介作用，对6个月和18个月随访时的身体活动水平产生直接或间接影响的程度。结构方程模型测试了几种运动预测模型。
最佳拟合模型表明，在项目结束时，社会支持、情感和运动频率到效能感存在显著路径。效能感反过来又与6个月和18个月随访时的身体活动相关。该模型解释了18个月活动水平方差的40%。
这项前瞻性研究为在运动坚持模型中纳入社会认知变量提供了支持，并突出了自我效能感在长期运动行为中的关键作用。需要后续试验来重复和扩展这些发现。
