Profiling of flavonoid conjugates in Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius responding to biotic and abiotic stimuli.

Qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoid and isoflavonoid glycosides as well as free aglycones in lupin seedlings (roots and aerial parts) grown under different light conditions or responding to infection with Pleiochaeta setosa, a fungus causing brown leaf spot, were monitored by liquid chromatography with UV and/or mass spectrometric detection. Both physical and biotic factors affected flavonoid and isoflavonoid levels in lupin tissues. Fungal infection evoked significant increase in the amounts of genistein, 2'-hydroxygenistein, and their prenylated derivatives that are thought to function as lupin phytoalexins. Effect on quantitative changes of glycosylated flavonoids and isoflavonoids in the roots and aerial parts was less significant. Moreover, different light conditions applied during seedling growth caused relative changes of flavonoid and isoflavonoid conjugates composition, especially in the leaves of white lupin plants. The chemical structures of flavonoid and isoflavonoid conjugates present in Lupinus angustifolius were elucidated. In addition to genistein and 2'-hydroxygenistein glycosides, flavonol conjugates were identified in leaves, while the composition of root isoflavonoids was similar to that of L. albus reported earlier.