Holditch-Davis Diane, Black Beth Perry
School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2003;21:23-60.
The purpose of this review was to examine the topics covered in current programs of nursing research on the care of the preterm infant and to determine the extent to which this research is informed by developmental science. A researcher was considered to have a current program of research if he or she had at least five publications published since 1990 and was the first author on at least three of them. The infants in a study could be any age from birth throughout childhood; studies focusing on parenting, nursing, or other populations of infants were not included. Seventeen nurse researchers had current programs of research in this area. These programs had four themes. Those of Becker, Evans, Pridham, Shiao, and Zahr focused on infant responses to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment and treatments. Franck, Johnston, and Stevens focused on pain management. Harrison, Ludington-Hoe, and White-Traut's research focused on infant stimulation. Holditch-Davis, McCain, McGrath, Medoff-Cooper, Schraeder, and Youngblut studied infant behavior and development. These research programs had many strengths, including strong interdisciplinary focus and clinical relevance. However, additional emphasis is needed on the care of the critically ill infant. Also, despite the fact that the preterm infant's neurological system develops rapidly over the first year, only three of these researchers used a developmental science perspective. Only research on infant behavior and development focused on the developmental changes that the infants were experiencing. Most of the studies were longitudinal, but many did not use statistics appropriate for identifying stability and change over time. The response of individual infants and the broader ecological context as evidenced by factors such as gender, ethnic group, culture, and intergenerational effects were rarely examined. Thus research on the care of preterm infants could be expanded if the developmental science perspective formed the basis of more studies.
本综述的目的是审视当前有关早产儿护理的护理研究项目所涵盖的主题，并确定该研究在多大程度上受到发育科学的影响。如果一位研究人员自1990年以来至少发表了五篇论文，且其中至少三篇是第一作者，那么该研究人员就被认为有当前的研究项目。一项研究中的婴儿年龄可以从出生到整个童年时期；专注于育儿、护理或其他婴儿群体的研究不包括在内。17名护士研究人员在这一领域有当前的研究项目。这些项目有四个主题。贝克尔、埃文斯、普里德姆、肖和扎尔的项目聚焦于婴儿对新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）环境和治疗的反应。弗兰克、约翰斯顿和史蒂文斯的项目聚焦于疼痛管理。哈里森、卢丁顿 - 霍和怀特 - 特劳特的研究聚焦于婴儿刺激。霍尔迪奇 - 戴维斯、麦凯恩、麦格拉斯、梅多夫 - 库珀、施拉德和扬布卢特研究婴儿行为和发育。这些研究项目有许多优点，包括强烈的跨学科重点和临床相关性。然而，需要更多地关注危重症婴儿的护理。此外，尽管早产儿的神经系统在第一年发育迅速，但这些研究人员中只有三人采用了发育科学的视角。只有关于婴儿行为和发育的研究关注了婴儿正在经历的发育变化。大多数研究是纵向的，但许多研究没有使用适合识别随时间变化的稳定性和变化的统计方法。很少有人研究个体婴儿的反应以及由性别、种族群体、文化和代际效应等因素所证明的更广泛的生态背景。因此，如果以发育科学的视角作为更多研究的基础，对早产儿护理的研究可以得到扩展。
