Kleiner Art
Harv Bus Rev. 2003 Jul;81(7):86-92, 118.
At the core of your company, there is a group of people who seem to call the shots--or, rather, all the shots seem to be called for their benefit. This core group can't be found on any organization chart. It exists in people's hearts and minds. It comprises the people whose perceived interests and needs are taken into account as decisions are made throughout the organization. In most companies, talking explicitly about this group is taboo; its existence seems to contradict the vital corporate premise that we all have a common stake in the firm's success. In the best organizations, the core group can be a resource: Members represent the unique values and knowledge that distinguish their companies. When core groups display independence, creativity, and power, the rest of the company follows. Such behavior on the part of the company, in turn, creates value for shareholders, especially over the long term. But because of the core group's enormous power, members need to make themselves aware of the signals they send, both intended and unintended. For better and for worse, the core group reinforces whatever it pays attention to. A core group member who casually mentions a product might well discover three weeks later that someone has spent $1 million introducing it. If you do not know who constitutes the core group in your organization, or what the members stand for, you may find that leading will be extremely difficult--even if you are ostensibly the person in charge. If you want to move the organization in a new direction, you may need to explicitly challenge the core group. Otherwise the rest of the organization will not go along.
在贵公司的核心,有一群似乎掌控着一切的人——或者更确切地说,似乎所有决策都是为了他们的利益而做出的。在任何组织结构图上都找不到这个核心群体。它存在于人们的心中和脑海里。它由那些在整个组织做出决策时,其利益和需求被考虑在内的人组成。在大多数公司里,明确谈论这个群体是个禁忌;它的存在似乎与公司的一个重要前提相矛盾,即我们都在公司的成功中有共同的利益。在最优秀的组织中,核心群体可以成为一种资源:成员代表着使他们的公司与众不同的独特价值观和知识。当核心群体展现出独立性、创造力和权力时,公司的其他部门也会效仿。公司的这种行为反过来又为股东创造了价值,尤其是从长期来看。但由于核心群体拥有巨大的权力,其成员需要意识到他们发出的信号,包括有意的和无意的。无论好坏,核心群体都会强化它所关注的任何事情。一个核心群体成员不经意间提到一种产品,很可能三周后就会发现有人花了100万美元来推出它。如果你不知道在你的组织中谁构成了核心群体,或者成员代表着什么,你可能会发现领导工作极其困难——即使你表面上是负责人。如果你想让组织朝着新的方向发展,你可能需要明确挑战核心群体。否则,组织的其他部门不会跟进。