Thang N M, Popkin B
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3397, USA.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2003 Aug;16(4):233-44. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-277x.2003.00449.x.
In the past decade, Vietnam has achieved an impressive rate of socioeconomic development paralleled by broad improvements in the health sector--but child malnutrition still lags far behind that of most other health indicators. The purpose of this study is to discover inequality in the near-present situation (1997-98; hereafter referred to as the present situation), changes of child malnutrition over the period from 1992-93 to 1997-98, and factors that might affect the inability to rapidly reduce child malnutrition among the poor, rural, and minority populations.
Data from two nationally representative surveys--the 1992-93 and 1997-98 Vietnam Living Standards Measurement Surveys (LSMS)--of Vietnamese households were utilized in this study. Descriptive and logistic procedures were used for the analyses. The focus was on the variables related to household poverty status, total expenditure levels, rural residence, and minority status with controls for other key economic and demographic measures.
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on data using 4305 households and 4367 children (2-11 years of age in 1992-93) that were included in both surveys of the Vietnam Living Standard Survey (VLSS) in 1992-93 and 1997-98, conducted under the framework of the LSMS.
Children of rural households, poor households, and ethnic minority backgrounds are significantly more likely to be malnourished than urban residents, children of nonpoor households, and the majority Kinh population. Additionally, avenues to escape malnourishment are limited in the former categories. These results suggest that economic improvements in Vietnam have, for the most part, bypassed the rural poor and minorities, and targeting economic resources towards these groups will be most critical to reduce malnutrition in Vietnam.
在过去十年中，越南实现了令人瞩目的社会经济发展速度，卫生部门也有广泛改善，但儿童营养不良状况仍远远落后于大多数其他卫生指标。本研究的目的是发现近期状况（1997 - 1998年；以下简称当前状况）下的不平等现象、1992 - 1993年至1997 - 1998年期间儿童营养不良状况的变化，以及可能影响贫困、农村和少数民族人口无法迅速减少儿童营养不良状况的因素。
本研究使用了越南家庭的两项具有全国代表性的调查数据——1992 - 1993年和1997 - 1998年越南生活水平测量调查（LSMS）。分析采用描述性和逻辑分析方法。重点关注与家庭贫困状况、总支出水平、农村居住情况和少数民族身份相关的变量，并对其他关键经济和人口指标进行控制。
对1992 - 1993年和1997 - 1998年在LSMS框架下进行的越南生活水平调查（VLSS）的两项调查中均包含的4305户家庭和4367名儿童（1992 - 1993年为2 - 11岁）的数据进行了横断面分析。
农村家庭、贫困家庭和少数民族背景的儿童比城市居民、非贫困家庭的儿童以及主体京族人口更易出现营养不良。此外，前几类人群摆脱营养不良的途径有限。这些结果表明，越南的经济改善在很大程度上绕过了农村贫困人口和少数民族，将经济资源投向这些群体对于减少越南的营养不良状况最为关键。
