Sargent James D, Dalton Madeline A, Heatherton Todd, Beach Mike
Department of Pediatrics, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03756, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Jul;157(7):643-8. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.157.7.643.
Most behavioral approaches to adolescent smoking address the behavior directly. We explore an indirect approach: modifying exposure to portrayals of smoking in movies.
To describe adolescents' exposure to smoking in movies and to examine factors that could modify such exposure.
Occurrences of smoking were counted in each of 601 popular movies. Four thousand nine hundred ten northern New England junior high school students were asked to report which movies they had seen from a randomly generated subsample of 50 films, and responses were used to estimate exposure to the entire sample. Analysis The outcome variable was exposure to movie smoking, defined as the number of smoking occurrences seen. Risk factors for exposure included access to movies (movie channels, videotape use, and movie theater); parenting (R [restricted]-rated movie restrictions, television restrictions, parenting style); and characteristics of the child (age, sex, school performance, sensation-seeking propensity, rebelliousness, and self-esteem). We used multiple regression to assess the association between risk factors and exposure to movie smoking.
Subjects had seen an average of 30% of the movie sample (interquartile range, 20%-44%), from which they were exposed to 1160 (interquartile range, 640-1970) occurrences of smoking. In a multivariate model, exposure to movie smoking increased (all P values <.001) by about 10% for each additional movie channel and for every 2 videos watched per week. Exposure increased by 30% for those going to the movie theater more than once per month compared with those who did not go at all. Parent restriction on viewing R-rated movies resulted in a 50% reduction in exposure to movie smoking. There was no association between parenting style and exposure to movie smoking. Much of the protective effect of parent R-rated movie restriction on adolescent smoking was mediated through lower exposure to movie smoking.
Adolescents see thousands of smoking depictions in movies, and this influences their attitudes and behavior. Exposure to movie smoking is reduced when parents limit movie access. Teaching parents to monitor and enforce movie access guidelines could reduce adolescent smoking in an indirect, yet powerful, manner.
大多数针对青少年吸烟的行为方法都是直接针对吸烟行为本身。我们探索一种间接方法：改变青少年接触电影中吸烟镜头的情况。
描述青少年接触电影中吸烟镜头的情况，并研究可能改变这种接触的因素。
统计601部流行电影中出现吸烟镜头的次数。从随机抽取的50部电影子样本中，询问4910名新英格兰北部初中学生他们看过哪些电影，根据他们的回答来估计对整个电影样本的接触情况。分析结果变量为接触电影吸烟镜头，定义为所看到的吸烟镜头出现次数。接触的风险因素包括观看电影的途径（电影频道、录像带使用和电影院观影）；家长管控（对限制级电影的限制、对电视的限制、家长教育方式）；以及孩子的特征（年龄、性别、学业成绩、寻求刺激倾向、叛逆性和自尊）。我们使用多元回归来评估风险因素与接触电影吸烟镜头之间的关联。
受试者平均看过电影样本的30%（四分位距为20%-44%），从中接触到1160次（四分位距为640-1970次）吸烟镜头。在多变量模型中，每增加一个电影频道以及每周多看2部录像带，接触电影吸烟镜头的次数增加约10%（所有P值均<.001）。与根本不去电影院的人相比，每月去电影院超过一次的人接触次数增加30%。家长对观看限制级电影的限制使接触电影吸烟镜头的次数减少50%。家长教育方式与接触电影吸烟镜头之间没有关联。家长对限制级电影的限制对青少年吸烟的大部分保护作用是通过减少接触电影吸烟镜头来实现的。
青少年在电影中看到数千次吸烟镜头，这会影响他们的态度和行为。当家长限制电影接触时，接触电影吸烟镜头的情况会减少。教导家长监督并执行电影接触指导方针可以以一种间接但有效的方式减少青少年吸烟。
