父母限制观看 R 级电影与青少年早期饮酒行为。
Parental R-rated movie restriction and early-onset alcohol use.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1404, USA.
出版信息
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2010 May;71(3):452-9. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2010.71.452.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine if parental restriction regarding Restricted-rated movies (R movies) predicts lower rates of early-onset alcohol use.
METHOD
Students from 15 northern New England middle schools were surveyed in 1999, and never-drinkers were resurveyed 13-26 months later to determine alcohol use. Drinking was determined by the question, "Have you ever had beer, wine, or other drink with alcohol that your parents didn't know about?" R-movie restriction was assessed by the question, "How often do your parents allow you to watch movies that are rated R?"
RESULTS
The sample included 2,406 baseline never-drinkers who were surveyed at follow-up, of whom 14.8% had initiated alcohol use. At baseline, 20% reported never being allowed to watch R movies, and 21% reported being allowed all the time. Adolescents allowed to watch R-rated movies had higher rates of alcohol initiation (2.9% initiation among never allowed, 12.5% once in a while, 18.8% sometimes, and 24.4% all the time). Controlling for sociodemographics, personality characteristics, and authoritative parenting style, the adjusted odds ratios for initiating alcohol use were 3.0 (95% CI [1.7, 5.1]) for those once in a while allowed, 3.3 [1.9, 5.6] for those sometimes allowed, and 3.5 [2.0, 6.0] for those always allowed to watch R-rated movies. Alcohol initiation was more likely if R-rated movie restriction relaxed over time; tightening of restriction had a protective effect (p < .001). A structural model was developed that modeled two latent parenting constructs: (a) authoritative parenting and (b) media parenting. Both constructs had direct inverse paths to trying alcohol and indirect paths through lower exposure to R-rated movies.
CONCLUSIONS
After accounting for differences in authoritative parenting style, adolescents reporting lesser restrictions for R movies have higher odds of future alcohol use. The structural model suggests that media parenting operates independently from authoritative parenting and should be incorporated explicitly into parenting prevention programs.
目的
本研究旨在探讨父母对限制级电影（R 级电影）的限制是否会降低青少年早期饮酒的发生率。
方法
1999 年对新英格兰北部 15 所中学的学生进行了调查，对从未饮酒的学生进行了 13-26 个月的随访，以确定饮酒情况。饮酒情况通过以下问题确定：“你是否曾经喝过父母不知道的含有酒精的啤酒、葡萄酒或其他饮料？”R 级电影限制通过以下问题评估：“你的父母多久允许你观看一次 R 级电影？”
结果
该样本包括 2406 名基线时从未饮酒且在随访时接受调查的被试，其中 14.8%的人开始饮酒。基线时，20%的人报告从未被允许观看 R 级电影，21%的人报告可以随时观看。被允许观看 R 级电影的青少年饮酒发生率较高（从未被允许观看的人中有 2.9%开始饮酒，偶尔被允许观看的人中有 12.5%，有时被允许观看的人中有 18.8%，经常被允许观看的人中有 24.4%）。在控制了社会人口统计学因素、人格特征和权威型教养方式后，偶尔允许、有时允许和经常允许观看 R 级电影的青少年开始饮酒的调整后比值比分别为 3.0（95%CI [1.7, 5.1]）、3.3（95%CI [1.9, 5.6]）和 3.5（95%CI [2.0, 6.0]）。如果 R 级电影限制随时间放松，青少年开始饮酒的可能性更大；限制的收紧具有保护作用（p <.001）。建立了一个结构模型，该模型构建了两个潜在的父母教养结构：（a）权威型教养和（b）媒体教养。这两个结构都与尝试饮酒有直接的负向关系，也与较少接触 R 级电影有间接关系。
结论
在考虑到权威型教养方式的差异后，报告 R 级电影限制较少的青少年未来饮酒的可能性更高。结构模型表明，媒体教养与权威型教养独立运作，应明确纳入父母教养预防计划。
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