Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Pediatrics. 2011 Jan;127(1):e96-e105. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-3443. Epub 2010 Dec 6.
In this study, we examined how often US youths reported having complete parental restrictions on watching R-rated movies. In addition, we assessed the relationship between parental R-rated movie restrictions and adolescents' sensation seeking and how this interplay is related to smoking onset.
Data from a 4-wave longitudinal study of 6522 adolescents (10-14 years of age) who were recruited through a random-digit-dial telephone survey were used. At baseline, subjects were nationally representative of the US population. Subjects were monitored for 2 years and queried about their smoking status, their sensation-seeking propensity, and how often they were allowed to watch R-rated movies. A cross-lagged model combined with survival analysis was used to assess the relationships between parental R-rated movie restrictions, sensation-seeking propensity, and risk for smoking onset.
Findings demonstrated that 32% of the US adolescents reported being completely restricted from watching R-rated movies by their parents. Model findings revealed that adolescents' sensation seeking was related to greater risk for smoking onset not only directly but also indirectly through their parents becoming more permissive of R-rated movie viewing. Parental R-rated movie restrictions were found to decrease the risk of smoking onset directly and indirectly by changing children's sensation seeking.
These findings imply that, beyond direct influences, the relationship between adolescents' sensation seeking and parental R-rated movie restrictions in explaining smoking onset is bidirectional in nature. Finally, these findings highlight the relevance of motivating and supporting parents in limiting access to R-rated movies.
本研究旨在调查美国青少年报告其父母完全限制观看 R 级电影的频率。此外，我们评估了父母对 R 级电影的限制与青少年寻求刺激之间的关系，以及这种相互作用与吸烟起始的关系。
该研究的数据来自一项对 6522 名青少年（10-14 岁）的 4 波纵向研究，这些青少年是通过随机数字拨号电话调查招募的。在基线时，受试者具有全国代表性。对受试者进行了 2 年的监测，并询问了他们的吸烟状况、寻求刺激的倾向以及允许他们观看 R 级电影的频率。采用交叉滞后模型结合生存分析来评估父母对 R 级电影的限制、寻求刺激的倾向与吸烟起始风险之间的关系。
研究结果表明，32%的美国青少年报告其父母完全限制他们观看 R 级电影。模型研究结果表明，青少年的寻求刺激不仅直接而且通过父母对 R 级电影观看的许可程度增加，与更高的吸烟起始风险相关。父母对 R 级电影的限制通过改变孩子的寻求刺激，直接和间接地降低了吸烟起始的风险。
这些发现表明，除了直接影响外，青少年寻求刺激与父母对 R 级电影限制之间的关系在解释吸烟起始方面是双向的。最后，这些发现强调了激励和支持父母限制观看 R 级电影的重要性。
