Schmitt Michael T, Branscombe Nyla R, Kappen Diane M
Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, USA.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2003 Jun;42(Pt 2):161-86. doi: 10.1348/014466603322127166.
In five studies we explored how the context in which people think about the social structure and the implications of the social structure for one's in-group affect attitudes toward inequality. In Studies 1 and 2 we found that social dominance orientation (SDO) scores reflect attitudes toward specific types of inequality that are salient in context. Consistent with social identity theory, in Studies 3 to 5 we found that SDO scores reflected the interests of specific group identities. Indeed, when we compared existing privileged and disadvantaged groups, and when we manipulated in-group status, we found that participants held more positive attitudes toward inequality when the in-group was privileged, compared to when the in-group was disadvantaged. Across all of our studies, results were consistent with the contention that attitudes toward inequality are group-specific and depend on the social-structural position of salient in-groups. We discuss the implications of our findings for social dominance theory.
在五项研究中，我们探讨了人们思考社会结构的背景以及社会结构对其所属内群体的影响如何影响对不平等的态度。在研究1和研究2中，我们发现社会支配取向（SDO）得分反映了对特定类型不平等的态度，这些不平等在特定背景下很突出。与社会认同理论一致，在研究3至研究5中，我们发现SDO得分反映了特定群体身份的利益。事实上，当我们比较现有的特权群体和弱势群体，以及当我们操纵内群体地位时，我们发现与内群体处于劣势时相比，当内群体享有特权时，参与者对不平等持有更积极的态度。在我们所有的研究中，结果都与以下观点一致，即对不平等的态度是特定于群体的，并且取决于突出的内群体的社会结构地位。我们讨论了我们的发现对社会支配理论的意义。
