Smith James L
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA.
J Food Prot. 2003 Jul;66(7):1292-303. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-66.7.1292.
The secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach plays an important role in protecting the body against pathogens ingested with food or water. A gastric fluid pH of 1 to 2 is deleterious to many microbial pathogens; however, the neutralization of gastric acid by antacids or the inhibition of acid secretion by various drugs may increase the risk of food- or waterborne illnesses. Peptic ulcer disease is often treated by decreasing or eliminating gastric acid secretion, and such treatment blocks the protective antibacterial action of gastric fluid. The majority of peptic ulcer disease cases originate from Helicobacter pylori infections. Treatment of H. pylori-induced peptic ulcers with antibiotics reduces the need for drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretion and thereby diminishes the risk of food- and waterborne illness for peptic ulcer disease patients. Many bacterial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and H. pylori, can circumvent the acid conditions of the stomach by developing adaptive mechanisms that allow these bacteria to survive in acid environments. As a consequence, these bacteria can survive acidic stomach conditions and pass into the intestinal tract, where they can induce gastroenteritis.
胃分泌盐酸在保护身体免受随食物或水摄入的病原体侵害方面发挥着重要作用。胃液pH值为1至2对许多微生物病原体是有害的；然而，抗酸剂中和胃酸或各种药物抑制胃酸分泌可能会增加食源性或水源性疾病的风险。消化性溃疡疾病通常通过减少或消除胃酸分泌来治疗，而这种治疗会阻断胃液的保护性抗菌作用。大多数消化性溃疡疾病病例源于幽门螺杆菌感染。用抗生素治疗幽门螺杆菌引起的消化性溃疡减少了对抑制胃酸分泌药物的需求，从而降低了消化性溃疡疾病患者发生食源性和水源性疾病的风险。许多细菌病原体，如大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和幽门螺杆菌，可以通过形成使其能在酸性环境中存活的适应性机制来规避胃部的酸性条件。因此，这些细菌能够在胃酸环境中存活并进入肠道，在那里它们可诱发肠胃炎。
