Birditt Kira S, Fingerman Karen L
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2003 Jul;58(4):P237-45. doi: 10.1093/geronb/58.4.p237.
This study examines age and gender differences in descriptions of emotional reactions and reports of the intensity and duration of those emotional responses to interpersonal tensions. As part of a larger study, 185 (85 male and 100 female) participants aged 13 to 99 described the last time they were upset with members of their social networks. Participants then described how they felt and rated the intensity and duration of their distress. Participants' reported emotions were grouped by use of theoretically derived categories and empirically derived post hoc categories. Three emotion categories were examined: anger, sadness, and nonspecific negative emotions. Adolescents and young adults were more likely than older adults to describe anger. Adolescents and young adults also reported more intense aversive responses than older adults. Women rated their distress as more intense than men. With the exception of middle-aged and oldest-old adults, women reported that they experienced distress for a longer duration than men. Findings are interpreted in terms of theories regarding age and gender differences in emotion regulation and interpersonal tensions.
本研究考察了在描述人际紧张情境下的情绪反应以及这些情绪反应的强度和持续时间报告方面的年龄和性别差异。作为一项更大规模研究的一部分，185名参与者（85名男性和100名女性），年龄在13至99岁之间，描述了他们最后一次对社交网络中的成员感到心烦意乱的情况。参与者随后描述了他们的感受，并对苦恼的强度和持续时间进行了评分。参与者报告的情绪按照理论推导的类别和实证推导的事后类别进行分组。研究考察了三种情绪类别：愤怒、悲伤和非特定负面情绪。青少年和年轻人比老年人更有可能描述愤怒情绪。青少年和年轻人还报告说，他们的厌恶反应比老年人更强烈。女性对苦恼的评分比男性更高。除中年人和最年长者外，女性报告说她们经历苦恼的持续时间比男性更长。研究结果根据关于情绪调节和人际紧张方面年龄和性别差异的理论进行解释。
