The Armenian earthquake of 1988: a milestone in the evolution of nephrology.

A dreadful earthquake struck a densely populated region of Armenia on December 7, 1988. All principal determinants of structural damage and crush injury converged to magnify the dreadful outcomes of this otherwise modest earthquake, which registered 6.9 on the Richter scale. Two circumstantial events focused unprecedented world attention on this natural disaster. First, the news media, assembled to cover the historic visit of Mikhail Gorbachev to the United States, were suddenly deprived of the news they had gathered to cover when Gorbachev interrupted his visit to examine the disaster personally. As a result, the world news media channeled their collective force on covering the tragic events in Armenia. Second, an official Soviet request for dialysis assistance was delivered at the opening session of the annual meeting of the American Society of Nephrology in San Antonio on Sunday, December 11, 1988. As a result, the entire nephrology community was suddenly engulfed in the mounting worldwide enthusiasm to provide humanitarian aid. The subsequent efforts of the National Kidney Foundation and the International Society of Nephrology prompted the discipline to examine, evaluate, and establish a role for nephrologists in preparedness and response to natural disasters.