Hopkisson B, Arnold P, Billingham B, McGarrigle M, Shribman S
Eye Department, Northampton General Hospital, UK.
Eye (Lond). 1992;6 ( Pt 6):607-9. doi: 10.1038/eye.1992.131.
One hundred normal babies were refracted by two observers in a double-masked study within 24 hours of delivery and 30 minutes after instillation of 1% cyclopentolate. The procedure was repeated at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. At birth agreement between the two refractionists to within 1 dioptre spherical equivalent was 82%, rising to 94% at 1 year. Astigmatism of greater than 1 dioptre increased from 10% at birth to 42% at 6 months but decreased to 15% at 1 year. Myopia was uncommon (4%) but 80% of eyes were hypermetropic more than +2 dioptres and 25% more than +4 dioptres at birth, although these percentages decreased to 5% and 3% at 1 year. Anisometropia of more than 1 dioptre between the two eyes was uncommon but in the two cases where it persisted in the presence of high hypermetropia, reversible amblyopia was encountered in both cases.
在一项双盲研究中，100名正常婴儿在出生后24小时内且在滴入1%环喷托酯30分钟后，由两名观察者进行验光。该程序在6周、3个月、6个月和1岁时重复进行。出生时，两名验光师之间球镜等效度在1屈光度以内的一致性为82%，1岁时升至94%。大于1屈光度的散光从出生时的10%增加到6个月时的42%，但在1岁时降至15%。近视不常见（4%），但出生时80%的眼睛远视超过+2屈光度，25%超过+4屈光度，尽管这些百分比在1岁时降至5%和3%。双眼屈光参差超过1屈光度的情况不常见，但在两例高度远视持续存在的病例中，均出现了可逆性弱视。
