Wood I C, Hodi S, Morgan L
Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, UMIST, Manchester, UK.
Eye (Lond). 1995;9 ( Pt 5):551-7. doi: 10.1038/eye.1995.138.
Using cycloplegia, the change in ametropia of 113 infants was followed at 3 month intervals over the first year of life. Scatterplots of the spherical equivalent power show that the dioptric differences exhibit a significant myopic shift of -0.38 ds between 26 and 36 weeks and -0.38 ds between 36 and 52 weeks. The spread of the dioptric differences (95% CI) does not appear to be related to the magnitude of the ametropia present and decreases with time. By 12 months of age the frequency distribution of the spherical equivalent appears to become leptokurtic as it is in the adult. On average the astigmatism was of low degree (less than 1 dioptre cylinder) and with the rule. Anisometropia was rarely seen. The results of this longitudinal study point to an optimal time for screening and perhaps prescribing for 'abnormal' refractive error between 9 and 12 months of age.
利用睫状肌麻痹，在113名婴儿出生后的第一年里，每隔3个月跟踪其屈光不正的变化。等效球镜度的散点图显示，在26至36周之间，屈光度差异呈现出-0.38 D的显著近视性偏移，在36至52周之间为-0.38 D。屈光度差异的范围（95%置信区间）似乎与现有屈光不正的程度无关，且随时间减小。到12个月大时，等效球镜度的频率分布似乎变得峰态尖锐，与成年人的情况一样。平均而言，散光程度较低（柱镜小于1屈光度）且顺规。很少见到屈光参差。这项纵向研究的结果表明，在9至12个月大之间是筛查以及可能为“异常”屈光不正配镜的最佳时机。
