Hansen K N, Minousis M, Ebbesen F
Department of Paediatrics, Viborg-Kjellerup Hospital, Denmark.
Acta Paediatr. 2003 Jul;92(7):802-5.
To evaluate oral vitamin K prophylaxis at birth by giving 2 mg phytomenadione, followed by weekly oral vitamin K prophylaxis; 1 mg was administered by the parents until 3 mo of age.
A total of 507850 live babies were born in Denmark during the study period, November 1992 to June 2000. Of these infants, 78% and 22% received oral and intra-muscular prophylaxis, respectively; i.e. about 396000 neonates received oral prophylaxis at birth. Weekly oral prophylaxis was recommended for all infants as long as they were mainly breastfed. A survey of possible cases of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) was carried out by repeated questionnaires to all Danish paediatric departments and by checking the National Patient Register.
No cases of VKDB were revealed, i.e. the incidence was 0-0.9:100000 (95% CI). The questionnaires were used to evaluate compliance with the regimen. Parents of 274 infants participated. A dose of vitamin K was regarded as having been given if the infant received a drop of vitamin K or was mostly formula-fed that week, and the prophylaxis was regarded as completed if the infant had received at least 9 doses. Compliance was good, with 94% of the infants completing the course of prophylaxis.
Weekly oral vitamin K supplementation during the first 3 mo of life was an efficient prophylaxis against VKBD. Parental compliance with the regimen was good.
通过给予2毫克植物甲萘醌进行出生时口服维生素K预防，随后每周进行口服维生素K预防；由父母给予1毫克，直至3月龄。
在1992年11月至2000年6月的研究期间，丹麦共有507850名活产婴儿出生。在这些婴儿中，分别有78%和22%接受了口服和肌肉注射预防；即约396000名新生儿在出生时接受了口服预防。只要婴儿主要是母乳喂养，就建议对所有婴儿进行每周一次的口服预防。通过向丹麦所有儿科部门反复发放问卷并查阅国家患者登记册，对维生素K缺乏性出血（VKDB）的可能病例进行了调查。
未发现VKDB病例，即发病率为0 - 0.9:100000（95%置信区间）。问卷用于评估对该方案的依从性。274名婴儿的父母参与了调查。如果婴儿在那周接受了一滴维生素K或主要是配方奶喂养，则视为已给予一剂维生素K；如果婴儿至少接受了9剂，则视为预防完成。依从性良好，94%的婴儿完成了预防疗程。
出生后前3个月每周口服补充维生素K是预防VKBD的有效方法。父母对该方案的依从性良好。
