Bridge Patrick D, Musial Joseph, Frank Robert, Roe Thomas, Sawilowsky Shlomo
Department of Family Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Med Teach. 2003 Jul;25(4):414-21. doi: 10.1080/0142159031000100337.
Measurement experts generally agree that a systematic approach to test construction will probably result in an instrument with sound psychometric properties. One fundamental method is called the blueprint approach to test construction. A test blueprint is a tool used in the process for generating content-valid exams by linking the subject matter delivered during instruction and the items appearing on the test. Unfortunately, this procedure as well as other educational measurement practices is often overlooked A survey of curriculum administrators at 144 United States and international medical schools was conducted to assess the importance and prevalence of test blueprinting in their school. Although most found test blueprinting to be very important, few require the practice. The purpose of this paper is to review the fundamental principals associated with achieving a high level of content validity when developing tests for students. The short-term efforts necessary to develop and integrate measurement theory into practice will lead to long-term gains for students, faculty and academic institutions.
测量专家普遍认为，采用系统的方法来构建测试可能会产生具有良好心理测量特性的工具。一种基本方法称为测试构建的蓝图法。测试蓝图是一种在生成内容有效的考试过程中使用的工具，它通过将教学过程中传授的主题内容与测试中出现的题目联系起来。不幸的是，这个过程以及其他教育测量实践常常被忽视。对144所美国和国际医学院校的课程管理人员进行了一项调查，以评估测试蓝图在他们学校的重要性和普及程度。尽管大多数人发现测试蓝图非常重要，但很少有人要求进行这种实践。本文的目的是回顾在为学生开发测试时与实现高水平内容效度相关的基本原理。将测量理论发展并整合到实践中所需的短期努力将为学生、教师和学术机构带来长期收益。
