Kanaoka Yoshihide, Urade Yoshihiro
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Smith Building, Room 626C One Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2003 Aug-Sep;69(2-3):163-7. doi: 10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00077-2.
The biological actions of prostaglandin (PG) D(2) include vasodilatation, bronchoconstriction, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and recruitment of inflammatory cells. Characterization of DP receptor null mice in which antigen-induced airway and inflammatory responses are attenuated and identification of CRTH2 as a novel PGD(2) receptor have shed light on the role of PGD(2) in the immune and inflammatory responses. Hematopoietic PGD synthase (H-PGDS) is a cytosolic enzyme that isomerizes PGH(2), a common precursor for all PGs and thromboxanes, to PGD(2) in a glutathione-dependent manner. H-PGDS is expressed in mast cells, antigen-presenting cells, and Th2 cells, and is the only mammalian member of the Sigma class of cytosolic glutathione S-transferases. In this review, we focus on the molecular biology of H-PGDS, the determination of its three-dimensional structure, characterization of the regulation of its gene expression, and information gleaned from transgenic animals.
前列腺素（PG）D2的生物学作用包括血管舒张、支气管收缩、抑制血小板聚集以及募集炎症细胞。抗原诱导的气道和炎症反应减弱的DP受体基因敲除小鼠的特性以及CRTH2作为一种新型PGD2受体的鉴定，揭示了PGD2在免疫和炎症反应中的作用。造血PGD合酶（H-PGDS）是一种胞质酶，它以谷胱甘肽依赖的方式将所有PG和血栓素的共同前体PGH2异构化为PGD2。H-PGDS在肥大细胞、抗原呈递细胞和Th2细胞中表达，并且是胞质谷胱甘肽S-转移酶西格玛类的唯一哺乳动物成员。在这篇综述中，我们聚焦于H-PGDS分子生物学、其三维结构的测定、其基因表达调控的特性以及从转基因动物中获得的信息。
