Carlini E A
Department of Psychobiology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua: Botucatu, 862 Ed. Ciências Biomédicas, 1o andar, CEP 04023-062, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003 Jun;75(3):501-12. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00112-6.
This review article draws the attention to the many species of plants possessing activity on the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, they cover the whole spectrum of central activity such as psychoanaleptic, psycholeptic and psychodysleptic effects, and several of these plants are currently used in therapeutics to treat human ailments. Among the psychoanaleptic (stimulant) plants, those utilized by human beings to reduce body weight [Ephedra spp. (Ma Huang), Paullinia spp. (guaraná), Catha edulis Forssk. (khat)] and plants used to improve general health conditions (plant adaptogens) were scrutinized. Many species of hallucinogenic (psychodysleptic) plants are used by humans throughout the world to achieve states of mind distortions; among those, a few have been used for therapeutic purposes, such as Cannabis sativa L., Tabernanthe iboga Baill. and the mixture of Psychotria viridis Ruiz and Pav. and Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce ex Griseb.) C.V. Morton. Plants showing central psycholeptic activities, such as analgesic or anxiolytic actions (Passiflora incarnata L., Valeriana spp. and Piper methysticum G. Forst.), were also analysed.Finally, the use of crude or semipurified extracts of such plants instead of the active substances seemingly responsible for their therapeutic effect is discussed.
这篇综述文章提请人们注意许多对中枢神经系统（CNS）具有活性的植物物种。事实上，它们涵盖了中枢活性的整个范围，如精神振奋、精神抑制和精神障碍性作用，其中一些植物目前在治疗中用于治疗人类疾病。在精神振奋（兴奋剂）植物中，对人类用于减轻体重的植物[麻黄属植物（麻黄）、巴西可可属植物（瓜拉那）、巧茶（恰特草）]以及用于改善总体健康状况的植物（植物适应原）进行了仔细研究。世界各地的人们使用许多致幻（精神障碍性）植物来达到精神扭曲的状态；其中一些已被用于治疗目的，如大麻、伊博格、绿玉叶和卡皮木的混合物。还分析了具有中枢精神抑制活性的植物，如具有镇痛或抗焦虑作用的植物（西番莲、缬草属植物和卡瓦胡椒）。最后，讨论了使用此类植物的粗提物或半纯化提取物而非似乎对其治疗效果负责的活性物质的情况。
