Perry Nicolette S L, Bollen Chloe, Perry Elaine K, Ballard Clive
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003 Jun;75(3):651-9. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00108-4.
S. lavandulaefolia Vahl. (Spanish sage) extracts and constituents have demonstrated anticholinesterase, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, oestrogenic and CNS depressant (sedative) effects all of which are currently relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The essential oil inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from human brain tissue and bovine erythrocyte and individual monoterpenoid constituents inhibit AChE with varying degrees of potency. In vivo AChE inhibition of select brain (striatal and hippocampal over cortical) AChE was obtained following oral administration of the essential oil to rats. In a study in healthy volunteers essential oil administration produced significant effects on cognition. In a pilot open-label study involving oral administration of the essential oil to patients with AD, a significant increase in diastolic and systolic blood pressure was observed in two patients, however this may have been due primarily to preexisting hypertension and there were no abnormalities in other vital signs or blood samples during the trial period. Although an open label trial is not free from practice effects or rater-caregiver expectations, statistically significant differences between baseline and 6 weeks treatment were a reduction in neuropsychiatric symptoms and an improvement in attention.
西班牙鼠尾草提取物及其成分已显示出抗胆碱酯酶、抗氧化、抗炎、雌激素样和中枢神经系统抑制（镇静）作用，所有这些作用目前都与阿尔茨海默病（AD）的治疗相关。其精油可抑制来自人脑组织和牛红细胞的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE），且各个单萜类成分对AChE具有不同程度的抑制效力。给大鼠口服该精油后，在体内对选定脑区（纹状体和海马体而非皮质）的AChE有抑制作用。在一项针对健康志愿者的研究中，给予精油对认知产生了显著影响。在一项涉及给AD患者口服精油的开放性初步研究中，两名患者的舒张压和收缩压显著升高，但这可能主要归因于先前存在的高血压，且在试验期间其他生命体征或血液样本均无异常。尽管开放性试验难免存在练习效应或评估者 - 照顾者的期望，但基线与治疗6周之间的统计学显著差异为神经精神症状减轻和注意力改善。
