Keltner Dacher, Shiota Michelle N
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA.
Emotion. 2003 Mar;3(1):86-91; discussion 92-6. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.86.
In this article, the authors elaborate on 3 ideas advanced in P. Rozin and A. B. Cohen's (2003) innovative study of facial expression. Taking a cue from their discovery of new expressive behaviors (e.g., the narrowed eyebrows), the authors review recent studies showing that emotions are conveyed in more channels than usually studied, including posture, gaze patterns, voice, and touch. Building on their claim that confusion has a distinct display, the authors review evidence showing distinct displays for 3 self-conscious emotions (embarrassment, shame, and pride), 5 positive emotions (amusement, desire, happiness, love, interest), and sympathy and compassion. Finally, the authors offer a functional definition of emotion to integrate these findings on "new" displays and emotions.
在本文中，作者详细阐述了P. 罗津和A. B. 科恩（2003年）关于面部表情的创新性研究中提出的三个观点。作者从他们对新的表达行为（如眉头紧皱）的发现中获得启示，回顾了近期的研究，这些研究表明情绪通过比通常研究的更多的渠道来传达，包括姿势、注视模式、声音和触觉。基于他们提出的困惑有独特表现的观点，作者回顾了证据，这些证据显示了三种自我意识情绪（尴尬、羞耻和自豪）、五种积极情绪（娱乐、欲望、幸福、爱、兴趣）以及同情和怜悯的独特表现。最后，作者提供了一个情绪的功能性定义，以整合这些关于“新”表现和情绪的发现。
