Mesilio Liesl, Farago Margaret E, Thornton Iain
Environmental Geochemistry Research Group, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2BP, London, UK.
Environ Geochem Health. 2003 Mar;25(1):1-8. doi: 10.1023/a:1021232412519.
The extreme density of population of Gibraltar, situated at the southern tip of Spain, exerts considerable pressure on land use and thus future planning is of utmost importance. An initial reconnaissance soil geochemical survey of Gibraltar was based on 120 surface samples (0-15 cm) taken from a wide range of exposed, either bare soil or vegetated sites, to provide the optimum geographical distribution. The 'total' elemental concentrations of 26 elements (Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, La, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, Cd, Pb, P, S, As) were determined by nitric/percholric acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis. The reconnaissance data shows that the spatial distribution of various elements depended on previous and present land use. Most elements (Ca, Cr, Mg and Mn excluded) exhibited relatively high concentrations in civilian and natural soils. Trends have been established for many elements, and concentrations exceeding guideline values have been found in certain areas of Gibraltar. This reconnaissance of Gibraltar is at present being followed by a more detailed baseline geochemical survey, which will establish the extent and magnitude of the variations in major and trace elements in soils and dusts, assess the impact of industrial, commercial and urban development on the geochemical landscape and to make recommendations concerning sustainable development.
直布罗陀位于西班牙南端，人口密度极高，这对土地利用造成了相当大的压力，因此未来规划至关重要。直布罗陀的首次土壤地球化学普查基于从广泛的裸露地（裸土或植被覆盖地）采集的120个表层样本（0 - 15厘米），以提供最佳的地理分布。通过硝酸/高氯酸消解，然后采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP - AES）分析，测定了26种元素（锂、钠、钾、铍、镁、钙、锶、钡、铝、镧、钛、钒、铬、钼、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、银、锌、镉、铅、磷、硫、砷）的“总量”元素浓度。普查数据表明，各种元素的空间分布取决于过去和现在的土地利用情况。大多数元素（钙、铬、镁和锰除外）在民用土壤和天然土壤中浓度相对较高。已确定了许多元素的趋势，并且在直布罗陀的某些地区发现了超过指导值的浓度。目前，在对直布罗陀进行此次普查之后，正在开展一项更详细的基线地球化学调查，该调查将确定土壤和粉尘中主要和微量元素变化的范围和程度，评估工业、商业和城市发展对地球化学景观的影响，并就可持续发展提出建议。
