Zhang Jingwu
Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor-Methodist Multiple Sclerosis Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2002 Oct;1(3):285-92. doi: 10.1586/14760584.1.3.285.
Autoreactive T-cells are regulated under the normal conditions and play an important role in autoimmune pathologies when they are dysregulated as a result of genetic, environmental and other unknown factors associated with various autoimmune diseases. The immune regulation of autoreactive T-cells may be regained by activating the regulatory network, such as the idiotype anti-idiotypic network. Immunization with inactivated autoreactive T-cells (T-cell vaccination) can be used as a powerful means of activating the idiotype anti-idiotypic network to deplete specific subsets of autoreactive T-cells potentially involved in autoimmune conditions. It induces regulatory immune responses that closely resemble the in vivo situation, where the immune system is challenged by clonal activation and expansion of given T-cell populations in various autoimmune diseases. Recent clinical trials in multiple sclerosis have begun to reveal the role of T-cell vaccination in the understanding of in vivo regulation of autoreactive T-cells and in the development of effective therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune conditions. In this article, we will review the recent advances in T-cell vaccination in relationship to the regulatory mechanism induced by T-cell vaccination and the potential of T-cell vaccination as a treatment for T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Current issues and thoughts related to the preparation of T-cell vaccine, the relevant sources of autoimmune T-cells and epitope spreading are also discussed.
自身反应性T细胞在正常情况下受到调控，而当由于与各种自身免疫性疾病相关的遗传、环境及其他未知因素导致其失调时，它们会在自身免疫性病理过程中发挥重要作用。通过激活调节网络，如独特型抗独特型网络，自身反应性T细胞的免疫调节作用可能得以恢复。用灭活的自身反应性T细胞进行免疫接种（T细胞疫苗接种）可作为激活独特型抗独特型网络以清除可能参与自身免疫状态的特定自身反应性T细胞亚群的有力手段。它诱导的调节性免疫反应与体内情况极为相似，即在各种自身免疫性疾病中，免疫系统受到特定T细胞群体的克隆激活和扩增的挑战。近期针对多发性硬化症的临床试验已开始揭示T细胞疫苗接种在理解自身反应性T细胞的体内调节以及在开发针对多发性硬化症和其他自身免疫性疾病的有效治疗策略方面所起的作用。在本文中，我们将综述T细胞疫苗接种在与T细胞疫苗接种诱导的调节机制相关方面的最新进展，以及T细胞疫苗接种作为治疗T细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病的潜力。还将讨论与T细胞疫苗制备、自身免疫性T细胞的相关来源及表位扩展相关的当前问题和思考。
