Kurup Viswanath P
Medical College of Wisconsin, VA Medical Center, Research Service 151-I, 5000 West National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2003 Sep;3(5):416-23. doi: 10.1007/s11882-003-0078-6.
Many fungi are capable of causing IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in humans. However, the most predominant fungi implicated in allergy belong to the genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Penicillium. Pure and relevant allergens are essential for diagnosis as well as for understanding the immunopathogenesis of the disease. Until recently, pure and standardizable antigens from fungi were not available. In recent years, many recombinant allergens have been produced by molecular cloning. Using these allergens, novel methods are being developed to improve diagnosis of mold-induced allergy. By understanding the immunopathogenesis of allergens, new avenues might open up leading to improved patient care, including immunotherapy and vaccination. This review covers the current status of fungal allergens, their role in reliable immunodiagnosis, and their probable use in immunotherapy and vaccination.
许多真菌能够在人类中引发IgE介导的超敏反应。然而，与过敏相关的最主要真菌属于曲霉属、链格孢属、枝孢属和青霉属。纯的及相关过敏原对于疾病的诊断以及理解其免疫发病机制至关重要。直到最近，仍无法获得来自真菌的纯的、可标准化的抗原。近年来，通过分子克隆产生了许多重组过敏原。利用这些过敏原，正在开发新的方法以改善对霉菌诱导的过敏的诊断。通过了解过敏原的免疫发病机制，可能会开辟新的途径，从而改善患者护理，包括免疫疗法和疫苗接种。本综述涵盖了真菌过敏原的现状、它们在可靠免疫诊断中的作用以及它们在免疫疗法和疫苗接种中的可能用途。
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