Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1426:25-41. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_2.
Human activity and increased use of fossil fuels have led to climate change. These changes are adversely affecting human health, including increasing the risk of developing asthma. Global temperatures are predicted to increase in the future. In 2019, asthma affected an estimated 262 million people and caused 455,000 deaths. These rates are expected to increase. Climate change by intensifying climate events such as drought, flooding, wildfires, sand storms, and thunderstorms has led to increases in air pollution, pollen season length, pollen and mold concentration, and allergenicity of pollen. These effects bear implications for the onset, exacerbation, and management of childhood asthma and are increasing health inequities. Global efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change are urgently needed with the goal of limiting global warming to between 1.5 and 2.0 °C of preindustrial times as per the 2015 Paris Agreement. Clinicians need to take an active role in these efforts in order to prevent further increases in asthma prevalence. There is a role for clinician advocacy in both the clinical setting as well as in local, regional, and national settings to install measures to control and curb the escalating disease burden of childhood asthma in the setting of climate change.
人类活动和化石燃料的增加导致了气候变化。这些变化正在对人类健康造成不利影响,包括增加哮喘发病的风险。预计未来全球气温将上升。2019 年,哮喘影响了约 2.62 亿人,导致 45.5 万人死亡。预计这些比率还会上升。气候变化通过加剧干旱、洪水、野火、沙尘暴和雷暴等气候事件,导致空气污染、花粉季节长度、花粉和霉菌浓度以及花粉致敏性增加。这些影响对儿童哮喘的发作、恶化和管理都有影响,加剧了健康不平等。根据 2015 年《巴黎协定》,全球需要紧急采取行动缓解气候变化的影响,目标是将全球变暖限制在工业化前时期的 1.5 到 2.0°C 以内。为了防止哮喘发病率进一步上升,临床医生需要在这些努力中发挥积极作用。临床医生在临床环境以及地方、地区和国家环境中都可以发挥倡导作用,采取措施控制和遏制气候变化背景下儿童哮喘不断加剧的疾病负担。