Caramazza Alfonso, Mahon Bradford Z.
Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
Trends Cogn Sci. 2003 Aug;7(8):354-361. doi: 10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00159-1.
Questions about the organization of conceptual knowledge in the human brain can be addressed by studying patients with category-specific semantic deficits: disproportionate and even selective impairment of conceptual knowledge of one category of objects compared with other categories. Recently, consensus has emerged regarding the basic facts of category-specific semantic deficits: (1) the categories that can be disproportionately impaired or spared are 'animals', 'fruit/vegetables', and 'artifacts'; and (2) category-specific semantic deficits are not associated with disproportionate deficits for a type or modality of knowledge. Together with findings in functional neuroimaging, these data indicate a complex organization of conceptual knowledge characterized by several independent dimensions of organization.
关于人类大脑中概念知识组织的问题，可以通过研究患有特定类别语义缺陷的患者来解决：与其他类别相比，某一类物体的概念知识存在不成比例甚至选择性的损伤。最近，关于特定类别语义缺陷的基本事实已达成共识：（1）可能受到不成比例损伤或幸免的类别是“动物”、“水果/蔬菜”和“人工制品”；（2）特定类别语义缺陷与某一知识类型或形式的不成比例缺陷无关。这些数据与功能神经影像学的研究结果一起，表明概念知识的组织很复杂，具有几个独立的组织维度。
