Dukas Laurent, Willett Walter C, Giovannucci Edward L
Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Aug;98(8):1790-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07591.x.
Because the risk factors for constipation in the general population are poorly defined, we examined the association between age, body mass index, and selected lifestyle and dietary factors with the prevalence of constipation in the Nurses' Health Study.A total of 62,036 women, aged 36-61 yr and free of cancer, responded to mailed questionnaires in 1980 and 1982, which assessed bowel movement frequency, dietary, and lifestyle factors. Constipation was defined as two or fewer bowel movements weekly.A total of 3327 women (5.4%) were classified as having constipation. Age and body mass index were inversely associated with constipation (p for trend < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, women who reported daily physical activity had a lower prevalence of constipation (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.44-0.70). Women in the highest quintile of dietary fiber intake (median intake 20 g/day) were less likely to experience constipation (PR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.57-0.73) than women in the lowest quintile (median intake 7 g/day). The PR for constipation for women who both reported daily physical activity and were in the highest quintile of fiber intake was 0.32 (95% CI = 0.20-0.54) compared with those with physical activity less than once weekly and those who were in the lowest quintile of fiber intake. Higher frequency of aspirin intake was associated with an increasing prevalence of constipation (PR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.17-1.62). Current smoking and alcohol use were inversely associated with constipation. Our data suggest that moderate physical activity and increasing fiber intake are associated with substantial reduction in the prevalence of constipation in women.
由于普通人群中便秘的风险因素尚不明确，我们在护士健康研究中考察了年龄、体重指数以及某些生活方式和饮食因素与便秘患病率之间的关联。共有62036名年龄在36至61岁之间且无癌症的女性在1980年和1982年回复了邮寄的问卷，问卷评估了排便频率、饮食和生活方式因素。便秘定义为每周排便次数为两次或更少。共有3327名女性（5.4%）被归类为患有便秘。年龄和体重指数与便秘呈负相关（趋势p<0.0001）。在多变量分析中，报告每天进行体育活动的女性便秘患病率较低（患病率比值[PR]=0.56，95%置信区间[CI]=0.44 - 0.70）。膳食纤维摄入量处于最高五分位数（中位数摄入量为20克/天）的女性比处于最低五分位数（中位数摄入量为7克/天）的女性更不易患便秘（PR = 0.64，95% CI = 0.57 - 0.73）。与每周体育活动少于一次且膳食纤维摄入量处于最低五分位数的女性相比，既报告每天进行体育活动且膳食纤维摄入量处于最高五分位数的女性便秘的PR为0.32（95% CI = 0.20 - 0.54）。阿司匹林服用频率较高与便秘患病率增加相关（PR = 1.38，95% CI = 1.17 - 1.62）。当前吸烟和饮酒与便秘呈负相关。我们的数据表明，适度的体育活动和增加膳食纤维摄入量与女性便秘患病率的大幅降低相关。
