Gogotsi Yury, Nikitin Alexei, Ye Haihui, Zhou Wei, Fischer John E, Yi Bo, Foley Henry C, Barsoum Michel W
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Nat Mater. 2003 Sep;2(9):591-4. doi: 10.1038/nmat957. Epub 2003 Aug 3.
Porous solids are of great technological importance due to their ability to interact with gases and liquids not only at the surface, but throughout their bulk. Although large pores can be produced and well controlled in a variety of materials, nanopores in the range of 2 nm and below (micropores, according to IUPAC classification) are usually achieved only in carbons or zeolites. To date, major efforts in the field of porous materials have been directed towards control of the size, shape and uniformity of the pores. Here we demonstrate that porosity of carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) can be tuned with subångström accuracy in a wide range by controlling the chlorination temperature. CDC produced from Ti3SiC2 has a narrower pore-size distribution than single-wall carbon nanotubes or activated carbons; its pore-size distribution is comparable to that of zeolites. CDCs are produced at temperatures from 200-1,200 degrees C as a powder, a coating, a membrane or parts with near-final shapes, with or without mesopores. They can find applications in molecular sieves, gas storage, catalysts, adsorbents, battery electrodes, supercapacitors, water/air filters and medical devices.
多孔固体具有重要的技术意义，因为它们不仅能够在表面与气体和液体相互作用，而且在整个体积内都能如此。尽管可以在多种材料中制备并很好地控制大孔，但2纳米及以下的纳米孔（根据国际纯粹与应用化学联合会（IUPAC）的分类为微孔）通常仅在碳材料或沸石中才能实现。迄今为止，多孔材料领域的主要努力都集中在控制孔的尺寸、形状和均匀性上。在此，我们证明了通过控制氯化温度，可以在很宽的范围内以亚埃精度调节碳化物衍生碳（CDC）的孔隙率。由Ti3SiC2制备的CDC具有比单壁碳纳米管或活性炭更窄的孔径分布；其孔径分布与沸石相当。CDC在200-1200摄氏度的温度下以粉末、涂层、膜或接近最终形状的部件形式制备，有或没有中孔。它们可应用于分子筛、气体存储、催化剂、吸附剂、电池电极、超级电容器、水/空气过滤器和医疗设备。
