Cadarette Bruce S, Levine Leslie, Staab Janet E, Kolka Margaret A, Correa Matthew M, Whipple Matthew, Sawka Michael N
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Kansas St., Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA.
AIHA J (Fairfax, Va). 2003 Jul-Aug;64(4):510-5. doi: 10.1202/419.1.
This study compared endurance in a U.S. Army developmental Occupational Safety and Health Administration Level B personal protective equipment (PPE) system against the toxicological agent protective (TAP) suit, the Army's former standard PPE for Level A and Level B toxic environments. The developmental system consisted of two variations: the improved toxicological agent protective (ITAP) suit with self-contained breathing apparatus (ITAP-SCBA), weight 32 kg, and the ITAP with blower (ITAP-B), weight 21 kg. Both ITAP suits included the personal ice cooling system (PICS). TAP (weight 9.5 kg) had no cooling. It was hypothesized that PICS would effectively cool both ITAP configurations, and endurance in TAP would be limited by heat strain. Eight subjects (six men, two women) attempted three 2-hour treadmill walks (0.89 m/sec, 0% grade, rest/exercise cycles of 10/20 min) at 38 degrees C, 30% relative humidity. Metabolic rate for TAP (222+/-35 W) was significantly less than either ITAP-SCBA (278+/-27 W) or ITAP-B (262+/-24 W) (p<0.05). Endurance time was longer in ITAP-SCBA (85+/-20 min) and ITAP-B (87+/-25 min) than in TAP (46+/-10 min) (p<0.05). Heat storage was greater in TAP (77+/-15 W.m(-2)) than in ITAP-SCBA (51+/-16 W.m(-2)) (p<0.05), which was not different from ITAP-B (59+/-14 W.m(-2)). Sweating rate was greater in TAP (23.5+/-11.7 g/min(1)) than in either ITAP-SCBA (11.1+/-2.9 g/min) or ITAP-B (12.8+/-3.5 g/min) (p<0.05). Endurance in ITAP was nearly twice as long as in PPE with no cooling, even though the PICS, SCBA tanks, and new uniform itself all served to increase metabolic cost over that in TAP. PICS could also be used with civilian Levels A and B PPE increasing work time and worker safety.
本研究比较了美国陆军研发的职业安全与健康管理局B级个人防护装备（PPE）系统与毒剂防护（TAP）套装的耐力表现，TAP套装是美国陆军之前用于A级和B级有毒环境的标准PPE。研发的系统有两种变体：配备自给式呼吸器（ITAP-SCBA）的改进型毒剂防护（ITAP）套装，重量为32千克；以及带鼓风机的ITAP（ITAP-B），重量为21千克。两种ITAP套装均包括个人冰冷却系统（PICS）。TAP套装（重量9.5千克）没有冷却装置。研究假设PICS能有效冷却两种ITAP配置，而TAP套装的耐力会受热应激限制。八名受试者（六名男性，两名女性）在38摄氏度、相对湿度30%的条件下，尝试在跑步机上进行三次2小时的行走（速度0.89米/秒，坡度0%，休息/运动周期为10/20分钟）。TAP套装的代谢率（222±35瓦）显著低于ITAP-SCBA（278±27瓦）或ITAP-B（262±24瓦）（p<0.05）。ITAP-SCBA（85±20分钟）和ITAP-B（87±25分钟）的耐力时间比TAP套装（46±10分钟）更长（p<0.05）。TAP套装的蓄热（77±15瓦·平方米⁻²）高于ITAP-SCBA（51±16瓦·平方米⁻²）（p<0.05），与ITAP-B（59±14瓦·平方米⁻²）无差异。TAP套装的出汗率（23.5±11.7克/分钟）高于ITAP-SCBA（11.1±2.9克/分钟）或ITAP-B（12.8±3.5克/分钟）（p<0.05）。ITAP套装的耐力几乎是没有冷却装置的PPE的两倍，尽管PICS、SCBA气瓶和新制服本身都会增加代谢成本，使其高于TAP套装。PICS也可与民用A级和B级PPE配合使用，增加工作时间并提高工人安全性。
