Bøgh C, Bøgh C, Clarke S E, Jawara M, Thomas C J, Lindsay S W
Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory Jaegersborg Allé 1D Charlottenlund DK-2920 Denmark.
Bull Entomol Res. 2003 Aug;93(4):279-87. doi: 10.1079/ber2003239.
A study was undertaken to identify the major larval habitats of the Anopheles gambiae (Giles) complex in rural Gambia. Mosquito larvae and pupae were sampled along transects and in specific habitats in the central region of the country during the rainy seasons of 1996 and 1997. The sampling showed that the major breeding sites were located on the flooded alluvial soils bordering the river. The largest numbers of larvae were found during September, one month after the peak rains. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of specimens showed that Anopheles melas (Theobald) was the dominant species in the flooded areas (81.5%), followed by A. gambiae sensu stricto (Giles) (18.0%) and A. arabiensis (Patton) (0.5%). By sampling in specific habitats it was evident that A. arabiensis was mainly breeding in rain-fed rice fields along the edge of the alluvial soils. Anopheles melas and A. gambiae s.s. often coexisted but whereas A. melas were found in water with a salinity of up to 72% sea water (25.2 g NaCl l(-1)), A. gambiae s.s. only occurred in water with up to 30% sea water (10.5 g NaCl l(-1)). Anopheles melas larvae were found in association with plant communities dominated by sedges and grasses (Eleocharis sp., Paspalum sp., Sporobolus sp.) and sea-purslane Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) and the presence of cattle hoof prints, whereas A. gambiae s.s. larvae mainly occurred in association with Paspalum sp. and Eleocharis sp. The study showed that even during the peak rainy season, breeding of the A. gambiae complex is almost entirely restricted to the extensive alluvial areas along the river.
开展了一项研究，以确定冈比亚农村地区冈比亚按蚊（吉尔斯）复合体的主要幼虫栖息地。在1996年和1997年雨季期间，沿着该国中部地区的样带并在特定栖息地对蚊虫幼虫和蛹进行了采样。采样显示，主要繁殖地位于河边被洪水淹没的冲积土上。在9月发现的幼虫数量最多，此时距离降雨高峰期已过去一个月。对标本进行的聚合酶链反应分析表明，梅氏按蚊（西奥博尔德）是洪水泛滥地区的优势种（81.5%），其次是冈比亚按蚊指名亚种（吉尔斯）（18.0%）和阿拉伯按蚊（巴顿）（0.5%）。通过在特定栖息地采样发现，阿拉伯按蚊主要在冲积土边缘的雨育稻田中繁殖。梅氏按蚊和冈比亚按蚊指名亚种经常共存，但梅氏按蚊可在盐度高达72%海水（25.2克氯化钠/升）的水中发现，而冈比亚按蚊指名亚种仅出现在盐度高达30%海水（10.5克氯化钠/升）的水中。梅氏按蚊幼虫与以莎草和禾本科植物（荸荠属、雀稗属、鼠尾粟属）以及海马齿（Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.)）为主的植物群落以及牛蹄印相关联，而冈比亚按蚊指名亚种幼虫主要与雀稗属和荸荠属植物相关联。该研究表明，即使在降雨高峰期，冈比亚按蚊复合体的繁殖几乎完全局限于河流沿岸广阔的冲积地区。
