Ishihara Junko, Sobue Tomotaka, Yamamoto Seiichiro, Sasaki Satoshi, Tsugane Shoichiro
Cancer Information and Epidemiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
Int J Epidemiol. 2003 Aug;32(4):546-53. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyg091.
The associations between supplement use and certain demographics, lifestyles, health characteristics, and dietary intakes have not been studied in a large population in non-Western societies. The objective of our study was to investigate the association between supplement use and demographics, lifestyles, health characteristics, and dietary intake in a population-based cohort study in Japan.
Subjects were the 78 531 participants (45-74 years) who completed a self-administered questionnaire in 1995 or 1998 in a 5-year follow-up survey by the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective Study on cancer and cardiovascular disease. The questionnaire included enquiries about supplement use, occupation, height, weight, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, dietary behaviours, working hours, subjective stress, as well as intakes for 138 foods.
The supplement users were likely to have formerly smoked or never smoked. Female supplement users were likely to consume alcohol moderately. The prevalence of users was higher in the elderly, the self-employed, those with lower body mass index, greater physical activity, lower frequency of eating prepared food, higher frequency of eating out, and higher stress level in both sexes after mutual adjustment. Mean intakes of energy and nutrients were lower for users than for non-users.
The demographics, lifestyles, health characteristics, and dietary intakes may need to be adjusted when evaluating the effect of dietary supplements on disease because they can become potential confounding factors.
在非西方社会的大量人群中，尚未对补充剂使用与某些人口统计学特征、生活方式、健康特征及饮食摄入之间的关联进行研究。我们研究的目的是在日本一项基于人群的队列研究中，调查补充剂使用与人口统计学特征、生活方式、健康特征及饮食摄入之间的关联。
研究对象为78531名参与者（45 - 74岁），他们在1995年或1998年由日本公共卫生中心开展的癌症与心血管疾病前瞻性研究的5年随访调查中完成了一份自填式问卷。问卷内容包括对补充剂使用、职业、身高、体重、吸烟、饮酒、身体活动、饮食行为、工作时长、主观压力以及138种食物摄入量的询问。
补充剂使用者可能曾经吸烟或从不吸烟。女性补充剂使用者可能适度饮酒。在相互调整后，老年人、个体经营者、体重指数较低者、身体活动量较大者、食用加工食品频率较低者、外出就餐频率较高者以及男女压力水平较高者中，补充剂使用者的比例更高。补充剂使用者的能量和营养素平均摄入量低于非使用者。
在评估膳食补充剂对疾病的影响时，可能需要对人口统计学特征、生活方式、健康特征及饮食摄入进行调整，因为它们可能成为潜在的混杂因素。
