Lyle B J, Mares-Perlman J A, Klein B E, Klein R, Greger J L
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792-3220, USA.
J Nutr. 1998 Dec;128(12):2355-62. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.12.2355.
This study delineates demographic, lifestyle, dietary and health factors associated with the use of supplements at varying levels. Data are from a population-based cohort of 2,152 middle- to older-age adults living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Information was collected by in-person interviews between 1988-1990. Associations were adjusted for gender and age. Use of supplements was more prevalent among women, persons with more than 12 years of education, those with relatively low body mass indices, persons with active lifestyles, and persons who never smoked as compared to current smokers (P </= 0.05). Supplement users had higher intakes of most of the micronutrients from food that were examined in this study, including the antioxidant vitamins C and E and certain carotenoids (P </= 0.05). Intakes of dairy products and also foods that are important sources of vitamin C and carotenoids were higher among users of supplements, but relationships differed by gender and by the type and level of supplement intake. These findings suggest that several factors need to be considered potential confounders in observational studies that examine the etiologic role of supplements in the occurrence of chronic disease.
本研究描述了与不同水平补充剂使用相关的人口统计学、生活方式、饮食和健康因素。数据来自居住在威斯康星州比弗代尔姆的2152名中老年成年人的基于人群的队列研究。信息通过1988年至1990年的面对面访谈收集。关联因素根据性别和年龄进行了调整。与当前吸烟者相比，补充剂的使用在女性、受教育年限超过12年的人、体重指数相对较低的人、生活方式活跃的人以及从不吸烟的人中更为普遍（P≤0.05）。补充剂使用者从本研究中所检测的大多数食物中的微量营养素摄入量更高，包括抗氧化维生素C和E以及某些类胡萝卜素（P≤0.05）。补充剂使用者的乳制品摄入量以及作为维生素C和类胡萝卜素重要来源的食物摄入量更高，但这种关系因性别以及补充剂摄入的类型和水平而异。这些发现表明，在研究补充剂在慢性病发生中的病因学作用的观察性研究中，有几个因素需要被视为潜在的混杂因素。
