Cockerham Kimberly P, Hong Sang H, Browne Ellen E
Neuro-ophthalmology, Orbital Disease and Plastic Reconstruction, Allegheny General Hospital, 420 East North Avenue, Suite 116, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2003 Sep;3(5):401-9. doi: 10.1007/s11910-003-0023-z.
Orbital inflammation is a common problem in adults and children, accounting for the majority of all orbital processes. The presentation may be acute, subacute, or insidious. When the onset is acute, the process can be mistaken for orbital cellulitis. In insidious cases, such as the sclerosing subtype of inflammation, the chronic painless course may prompt concerns about a neoplastic infiltration such as lymphoma. Orbital inflammation can be divided into nonspecific, idiopathic, and other specific diagnoses. The differential diagnosis includes allergic, infectious (fungal, mycobacterial, and parasitic), and neoplastic (lymphoma or metastatic) disease. Orbital inflammation impacts neurologists and neuro-ophthalmologists because all of the entities can cause afferent dysfunction (decreased vision, abnormal color perception, afferent pupillary defect, and visual field defect) and dysmotility. The pattern of motility deficit may mimic the more familiar cranial nerve palsies. Advances in the diagnosis and management of nonspecific orbital inflammation and the specific entities that cause orbital inflammation are discussed.
眼眶炎症是成人和儿童的常见问题，占所有眼眶病变的大多数。其表现可能为急性、亚急性或隐匿性。当起病为急性时，该病症可能被误诊为眼眶蜂窝织炎。在隐匿性病例中，如炎症的硬化亚型，慢性无痛病程可能会引发对肿瘤浸润（如淋巴瘤）的担忧。眼眶炎症可分为非特异性、特发性和其他特异性诊断。鉴别诊断包括过敏性、感染性（真菌、分枝杆菌和寄生虫）和肿瘤性（淋巴瘤或转移性）疾病。眼眶炎症对神经科医生和神经眼科医生具有重要意义，因为所有这些病症都可导致传入功能障碍（视力下降、色觉异常、传入性瞳孔障碍和视野缺损）以及眼球运动障碍。眼球运动缺陷的模式可能类似于更为常见的颅神经麻痹。本文讨论了非特异性眼眶炎症以及导致眼眶炎症的特定病症在诊断和治疗方面的进展。
