Zdziarski Przemysław, Simon Krzysztof, Majda Jacek
Department of Infectious Disease, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
Acta Microbiol Pol. 2003;52(1):5-13.
In this paper the ecological aspects of widespread antibiotic consumption are described. Many practitioners, veterinarians, breeders, farmers and analysts work on the assumption that a antibiotics undergo spontaneous degradation. It is well documented that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the water contamination, selection and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant organisms, alteration of fragile ecology of the microbial ecosystems. The damages caused by the overuse of antibiotics include hospital, waterborne and foodborne infections by resistant bacteria, enteropathy (irritable bowel syndrome, antibiotic-associated diarrhea etc.), drug hypersensitivity, biosphere alteration, human and animal growth promotion, destruction of fragile interspecific competition in microbial ecosystems etc. The consequences of heavy antibiotic use for public and environmental health are difficult to assess: utilization of antibiotics from the environment and reduction of irrational use is the highest priority issue. This purpose may be accomplished by bioremediation, use of probenecid for antibiotic dosage reduction and by adoption of hospital infections methodology for control resistance in natural ecosystems.
本文描述了广泛使用抗生素的生态方面。许多从业者、兽医、饲养员、农民和分析人员都认为抗生素会自然降解。有充分的文献记载，抗生素的滥用导致了水污染、抗生素抗性生物的选择和传播，以及微生物生态系统脆弱生态的改变。抗生素过度使用造成的损害包括耐药菌引起的医院感染、水传播和食源性感染、肠道疾病（肠易激综合征、抗生素相关性腹泻等）、药物过敏、生物圈改变、促进人和动物生长、破坏微生物生态系统中脆弱的种间竞争等。大量使用抗生素对公众健康和环境健康的影响难以评估：从环境中去除抗生素并减少不合理使用是最优先考虑的问题。这一目标可以通过生物修复、使用丙磺舒减少抗生素用量以及采用医院感染控制方法来控制自然生态系统中的耐药性来实现。
