Baquero Fernando, Martínez José-Luis, Cantón Rafael
Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, CIBER-ESP, Spain.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2008 Jun;19(3):260-5. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2008.05.006. Epub 2008 Jun 4.
Antibiotic-resistant organisms enter into water environments from human and animal sources. These bacteria are able to spread their genes into water-indigenous microbes, which also contain resistance genes. On the contrary, many antibiotics from industrial origin circulate in water environments, potentially altering microbial ecosystems. Risk assessment protocols for antibiotics and resistant bacteria in water, based on better systems for antibiotics detection and antibiotic-resistance microbial source tracking, are starting to be discussed. Methods to reduce resistant bacterial load in wastewaters, and the amount of antimicrobial agents, in most cases originated in hospitals and farms, include optimization of disinfection procedures and management of wastewater and manure. A policy for preventing mixing human-originated and animal-originated bacteria with environmental organisms seems advisable.
抗生素抗性生物从人类和动物源进入水环境。这些细菌能够将其基因传播到水栖本地微生物中，而这些微生物也含有抗性基因。相反，许多来自工业源的抗生素在水环境中循环，可能改变微生物生态系统。基于更好的抗生素检测系统和抗生素抗性微生物源追踪系统，关于水中抗生素和抗性细菌的风险评估方案已开始讨论。减少废水中抗性细菌负荷以及抗菌剂数量（大多数情况下源自医院和养殖场）的方法包括优化消毒程序以及废水和粪便管理。一项防止人类源和动物源细菌与环境生物混合的政策似乎是可取的。
