Giannakou Ioannis O, Karpouzas Dimitrios G
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Agriculture, Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Pest Manag Sci. 2003 Aug;59(8):883-92. doi: 10.1002/ps.692.
Current environmental awareness has led to a greater demand for alternative nematode control strategies. Three field experiments were established to compare management tactics on cucumber in commercial greenhouses naturally infested with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp). Cucumber rootstocks which have shown resistance to soil-borne diseases were tested to reveal any resistance/tolerance to root-knot nematodes, and integration of these rootstocks with nematicides was investigated. Metham-sodium and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) provided good control of nematode populations when their application was followed by the application of a non-fumigant nematicide such as cadusafos or oxamyl. Neither fumigant could provide season-long control of nematode populations, and a further application of cadusafos was required for satisfactory control. The efficacy of metham-sodium was significantly increased when injected into soil in comparison with its application through the drip irrigation system. The use of rootstocks resistant to soil-borne fungal pathogens used together with chemical means of nematode control provided promising results for their further use in integrated strategies as alternatives to methyl bromide. However, the latter was the superior treatment for the control of root-knot nematodes in soil infested with residues of galled roots. Dazomet, metham-sodium nor the non-fumigant nematicides oxamyl and fenamiphos could reduce nematode population as efficiently as methyl bromide. None of the chemicals tested except methyl bromide could enter galled roots and kill surviving nematodes.
当前的环境意识使得人们对替代线虫控制策略的需求更大。开展了三项田间试验，以比较在自然感染根结线虫（南方根结线虫属）的商业温室黄瓜上的管理策略。对已显示出对土传病害有抗性的黄瓜砧木进行测试，以揭示其对根结线虫的任何抗性/耐受性，并研究这些砧木与杀线虫剂的整合情况。威百亩和1,3 - 二氯丙烯（1,3 - D）在施用后接着施用如硫线磷或草氨酰等非熏蒸性杀线虫剂时，能很好地控制线虫种群。两种熏蒸剂都不能对线虫种群提供整个季节的控制，需要进一步施用硫线磷才能获得满意的控制效果。与通过滴灌系统施用相比，将威百亩注入土壤时其效果显著提高。使用对土传真菌病原体有抗性的砧木与化学线虫控制方法相结合，为其在综合策略中作为溴甲烷的替代品进一步使用提供了有前景的结果。然而，在感染有虫瘿根残留物的土壤中，溴甲烷是控制根结线虫的更优处理方法。棉隆、威百亩以及非熏蒸性杀线虫剂草氨酰和苯线磷都不能像溴甲烷那样有效地减少线虫种群。除溴甲烷外，所测试的化学物质都不能进入虫瘿根并杀死存活的线虫。
