Cho Eunyoung, Spiegelman Donna, Hunter David J, Chen Wendy Y, Zhang Shumin M, Colditz Graham A, Willett Walter C
Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003 Aug;12(8):713-20.
Intakes of vitamins A, C, and E, folate, and carotenoids have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, previous epidemiological studies on these nutrients and breast cancer risk have been inconclusive, and have included primarily postmenopausal women. We examined the intake of these nutrients in relation to breast cancer risk among 90,655 premenopausal women ages 26-46 years in 1991 in the Nurses' Health Study II. Nutrient intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline in 1991 and in 1995. During 8 years of follow-up from 1991 to 1999, we documented 714 incident cases of invasive breast cancer. Overall, none of the vitamins and carotenoids was strongly related to a reduced risk of breast cancer. However, intake of vitamin A, including preformed vitamin A and carotenoids, was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer among smokers; participants in the highest quintile of total vitamin A intake had a multivariate relative risk of 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.62; P, test for trend <0.001; P, test for interaction <0.001) compared with those in the lowest quintile of intake. We found no evidence that higher intakes of vitamins C and E, and folate in early adult life reduce risk of breast cancer. However, intake of vitamin A may be related to a reduced risk of breast cancer among smokers.
维生素A、C、E、叶酸和类胡萝卜素的摄入被认为可能降低患乳腺癌的风险。然而，先前关于这些营养素与乳腺癌风险的流行病学研究尚无定论，且主要纳入的是绝经后女性。在护士健康研究II中，我们调查了1991年90655名年龄在26至46岁之间的绝经前女性摄入这些营养素与乳腺癌风险之间的关系。1991年基线期和1995年通过一份经过验证的食物频率问卷评估营养素摄入量。在1991年至1999年的8年随访期间，我们记录了714例浸润性乳腺癌发病病例。总体而言，没有一种维生素和类胡萝卜素与降低乳腺癌风险有强关联。然而，维生素A的摄入，包括视黄醇和类胡萝卜素，与吸烟者患乳腺癌风险降低有关；总维生素A摄入量处于最高五分位数的参与者与摄入量处于最低五分位数的参与者相比，多变量相对风险为0.28（95%置信区间0.12 - 0.62；趋势检验P<0.001；交互作用检验P<0.001）。我们没有发现证据表明成年早期较高的维生素C、E和叶酸摄入量可降低患乳腺癌的风险。然而，维生素A的摄入可能与吸烟者患乳腺癌风险降低有关。
