Parmigiani Silvana Varella, Barini Ricardo, Costa Sandra Cecília Botelho, Amaral Eliana, da Silva José Carlos Gama, Pinto e Silva João Luiz de Carvalho
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Sao Paulo Med J. 2003 May 5;121(3):97-101. doi: 10.1590/s1516-31802003000300002. Epub 2003 Aug 8.
The most frequently used methods for detecting antibodies are the indirect immunofluorescence test and the enzymatic immunoassay (ELISA). The polymerase chain reaction is a molecular biology technique in which the production of large amounts of specific DNA fragments is induced from very low concentrations of complex substrates aloowing the detection of very low amounts of viral particles.
To assess the accuracy of serological/ELISA tests in comparison with the polymerase chain reaction in maternal blood to diagnose cytomegalovirus infection.
A descriptive study was performed.
High-risk outpatient clinic of Campinas University (Unicamp).
We selected 243 pregnant women. All of them had been indicated for blood sampling because of suspicions of cytomegalovirus infection and also because of other infections.
The group was tested for cytomegalovirus. Serological tests were run and compared to the polymerase chain reaction, which was considered to be the gold standard. Status analyses were done using Fisher's exact test, via the SAS software.
The previous cytomegalovirus infection rate was 94.6%. The main reasons for inclusion in the study were fetal nervous system malformation (25.5%), maternal toxoplasmosis (25.5%) and Rh isoimmunization (14.8%). Only two women were included because of positive serological immunoglobulin M test for cytomegalovirus. The sensitivity and specificity of the serological tests were 94% and 6% for immunoglobulin G.
Serological tests had lower sensitivity in comparison with the polymerase chain reaction test when diagnosing cytomegalovirus infection. The consequences of positive polymerase chain reaction and negative immunoglobulin M in women remain unknown.
检测抗体最常用的方法是间接免疫荧光试验和酶免疫测定法（ELISA）。聚合酶链反应是一种分子生物学技术，可从极低浓度的复杂底物诱导产生大量特定DNA片段，从而能够检测到极少量的病毒颗粒。
评估血清学/ELISA检测与聚合酶链反应相比在孕妇血液中诊断巨细胞病毒感染的准确性。
进行了一项描述性研究。
坎皮纳斯大学（Unicamp）高危门诊。
我们选择了243名孕妇。她们均因怀疑巨细胞病毒感染以及其他感染而被指示进行血液采样。
对该组进行巨细胞病毒检测。进行血清学检测并与被视为金标准的聚合酶链反应进行比较。使用Fisher精确检验通过SAS软件进行状态分析。
既往巨细胞病毒感染率为94.6%。纳入研究的主要原因是胎儿神经系统畸形（25.5%）、孕妇弓形虫病（25.5%）和Rh血型不合免疫（14.8%）。只有两名女性因巨细胞病毒血清学免疫球蛋白M检测呈阳性而被纳入。血清学检测中免疫球蛋白G的敏感性和特异性分别为94%和6%。
在诊断巨细胞病毒感染时，血清学检测与聚合酶链反应检测相比敏感性较低。孕妇聚合酶链反应阳性而免疫球蛋白M阴性的后果仍不清楚。
