Blasberg Ronald G, Gelovani Juri
Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Box 52, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Mol Imaging. 2002 Jul;1(3):280-300. doi: 10.1162/15353500200202127.
Molecular imaging is a relatively new discipline, which developed over the past decade, initially driven by in situ reporter imaging technology. Noninvasive in vivo molecular-genetic imaging developed more recently and is based on nuclear (positron emission tomography [PET], gamma camera, autoradiography) imaging as well as magnetic resonance (MR) and in vivo optical imaging. Molecular-genetic imaging has its roots in both molecular biology and cell biology, as well as in new imaging technologies. The focus of this presentation will be nuclear-based molecular-genetic imaging, but it will comment on the value and utility of combining different imaging modalities. Nuclear-based molecular imaging can be viewed in terms of three different imaging strategies: (1) "indirect" reporter gene imaging; (2) "direct" imaging of endogenous molecules; or (3) "surrogate" or "bio-marker" imaging. Examples of each imaging strategy will be presented and discussed. The rapid growth of in vivo molecular imaging is due to the established base of in vivo imaging technologies, the established programs in molecular and cell biology, and the convergence of these disciplines. The development of versatile and sensitive assays that do not require tissue samples will be of considerable value for monitoring molecular-genetic and cellular processes in animal models of human disease, as well as for studies in human subjects in the future. Noninvasive imaging of molecular-genetic and cellular processes will complement established ex vivo molecular-biological assays that require tissue sampling, and will provide a spatial as well as a temporal dimension to our understanding of various diseases and disease processes.
分子成像相对来说是一门新兴学科，在过去十年中得到了发展，最初是由原位报告基因成像技术推动的。非侵入性体内分子遗传成像则是最近才发展起来的，它基于核成像（正电子发射断层扫描[PET]、伽马相机、放射自显影）以及磁共振（MR）和体内光学成像。分子遗传成像起源于分子生物学和细胞生物学以及新的成像技术。本报告的重点将是基于核的分子遗传成像，但也会对结合不同成像方式的价值和实用性进行评论。基于核的分子成像可以从三种不同的成像策略来理解：（1）“间接”报告基因成像；（2）内源性分子的“直接”成像；或（3）“替代”或“生物标志物”成像。将展示并讨论每种成像策略的示例。体内分子成像的快速发展得益于体内成像技术的既有基础、分子和细胞生物学的既定研究项目以及这些学科的融合。开发不需要组织样本的通用且灵敏的检测方法，对于监测人类疾病动物模型中的分子遗传和细胞过程以及未来在人类受试者中的研究将具有相当大的价值。分子遗传和细胞过程的非侵入性成像将补充需要组织采样的既定体外分子生物学检测方法，并将为我们对各种疾病和疾病过程的理解提供空间和时间维度。
